<p>The Aterno-Pescara  is a river system in Abruzzo, eastern central Italy. The river is known as the Aterno near its source in the mountains, but takes the name Pescara, actually a tributary, nearer the city of Pescara and the Adriatic Sea.</p><br>
<p>Having the greatest discharge basin of the rivers flowing into the Adriatic Sea south of the Reno, the Aterno has its origin in the Monti della Laga, near Montereale and Lago di Campotosto in the province of LAquila. The river flows in a southeastern direction past Pizzoli, LAquila, Paganica, San Demetrio ne Vestini, and Castelvecchio Subequo through the Appennino Abruzzese mountains. It subsequently flows until the Valle Peligna (or Sulmona plateau) near Raiano, where it curves northward and receives its main tributary, the Sagittario. Later, near Popoli, it crosses the border into the province of Pescara and joins with the short, but large volumed, Pescara, by which name it is thenceforth usually known. The river flows in a northeast direction past Tocco da Casauria and Torre de Passeri before forming the border between the province of Pescara and the province of Chieti for a short distance. It flows into the Adriatic Sea at the city of Pescara.</p><br>
<p>The Ofanto, known in ancient times as Aufidus or Canna, is a 170 km river in southern Italy that flows through the regions of Campania, Basilicata, and Apulia, into the Gulf of Manfredonia near Barletta.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The river&#39;s source is on the Irpinia Plateau, at 715 m above sea level, near Nusco and Torella dei Lombardi, in the province of Avellino. From there it runs southeast near Lioni before flowing into Lago di Conza. The river then forms the border between the province of Avellino and the province of Potenza except for a small extension of the province of Avellino near Calitri. The Atella flows into the Ofanto near this point as a right tributary of the river. The river curves north and flows near Monteverde before forming the border between the province of Foggia and the province of Potenza. It then curves east for a distance and a right tributary, the Olivento, flows into it in this area. The river curves northeast and then forms the border between the province of Foggia and the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani. The river flows near Posta Piana, Canosa di Puglia, San Ferdinando di Puglia, and Cannae before entering the Gulf of Manfredonia between Margherita di Savoia and Barletta. The Locone enters the Ofanto south of Cerignola as a right tributary of the river. At the end of its journey to the sea, the river ends in a delta and an estuary.</p><br>
<p>The River Ofanto can have a torrential flow at times, with major floods along its course in the autumn and winter, thanks to heavy rainfall, but in the summer its flow can be remarkably slight. Despite its considerable length and the extent of its basin, the average flow of water at the river mouth is fairly low, less than 15 m3/s.</p><br>
<p>Please note: This article is still under preparation - pictures and updating is to follow.</p><br>
<p>Kamari Bay is situated at the south-western end of the Greek island of Kos. It is overlooked by the ancient cliff-top village of Kefalos (Greek: Κέφαλος) and it is often referred to as Kefalos Bay or Kefalos Beach. Kefalos (sometimes spelled Kephalos) village was once the capital of the island, but after a devastating earthquake, in about 400BC, a new capital was established at Kos town that is situated at the other end of the island.</p><br>
<p>The Bay area is very popular with British tourists and many holiday here on an annual basis, some more than once a year! Most of the locals speak good English and some of them are even ex-pats. Other visitors include Dutch, Italians, Germans and a sprinkling of Russians.</p><br>
<p>As the majority of the Bay area is flat and most of the accommodation is close to the beach, shops and places to eat, it is ideal for older visitors and those with disabilities; there is a lot of accommodation with ground-floor access.</p><br>
<p>Seismic activity has been a feature of the Mediterranean Sea area throughout the history of mankind. The main seismic areas spread from north Africa then through Italy, down the other side of the Adriatic Sea to Albania and mainland Greece, the whole of the Aegean Sea and especially northern Turkey. The 2017 earthquake in Kos town heightened people&#39;s awareness of this but must be seen in context as an exceptional occurrence. Most visitors to Kos island have never experienced the slightest tremor, year in, year out - so it should certainly not discourage a holiday visit here.</p><br>
<p>Kos, like many islands in the area, was part of the Kingdom of Italy, from 1912 to 1943. Although many buildings in Kos town date from this era, with its influence on design and architecture, it is hardly seen at the other end of the island in the Kefalos and Kamari Bay area. Kefalos is a very old traditional Greek village, complete with a lot of old building. However, the Bay area is a comparatively recent development and as a result, the vast majority of building here has been subject to stringent regulation to minimise seismic damage, should it ever occur. Kamari Bay only comes to life during the tourist season unlike Kefalos, where many of the locals retreat to in the off-season months.</p><br>
<p>Starting at the western end of the bay is the deep-water harbour, which is overlooked by steep cliffs of a volcanic Rhyolitic Dome, called Mount Zini (362 metres) and topped by a communications mast. The mount is a geologically recent structure formed in the Quaternary Period ; it is separated from the harbour by a sandy beach overlooked by a café. From the harbour a steep road leads up to the west end of Kefalos village.</p><br>
<p>From the harbour eastwards, a promenade, with steps down to the sea, extends along about a third of the length of the bay to a roundabout with a large car park off of it. Here the road turns briefly northwards before turning back and following the direction of the coast and on towards Kos Town, about 40 kilometres distant. This road, in the opposite direction, leads up the steep climb to the east end of Kefalos village. All along the promenade and the road are many apartments, restaurants, tavernas, shops, supermarkets and vehicle & bike-hire outlets.</p><br>
<p>From the promenade roundabout, a sandy beach now appears below a small road leading to a wide pathway and another parking area. Off of the path are situated many restaurants and tavernas, some of which offer beach sun-loungers and umbrellas for sun-worshippers; at several points along the path, free showers are provided for post-bathing use. As the path continues on the beach head, the small volcanic island of Kastri is approached. On Kastri is the small church of Agios Nikolaos with its typical Greek blue roof - you can even arrange to be married here!(see Kastri Island-Kefalos) It is possible to wade/swim to the island from the beach. Along the beach are sport facilities offering sail-board hire (with tuition), boat hire, water skiing and motor-boat trips.</p><br>
<p>The path now moves on to the beach and continues towards a rock promontory where the remains of a Roman, Christian church is situated - Agios Stefanos. Here the mosaic floors can be examined inside the remnants of the walls and columns. The retail outlets are now left behind and the sandy beach and bay continue towards cliffs of volcanic Ignimbrite, formed in the Miocene Period over ten million years ago. Here are found the remains, hardly weathered in this tough rock, of Greek (Hellenic) quarrying activity for obtaining building stone.</p><br>
<p>Looking back towards Mount Zini, beyond the harbour, can be seen the Pliocene Period peak of Mount Latra (426 metres) towering above. From the bay, out to sea southwards, can be seen the volcano island of Nisyros, with Pergoussa and Pachia to its west and Gyali (or Yiali) and Strongyli in between. To the east can be seen the Datça peninsular of Turkey. On Kos Island eastwards, can be seen the heights of Mount Dikeos (846 metres), beyond the airport.</p><br>
<p>Staying in Kamari Bay:</p><br>
<p>Kamari Bay is considered to be a quieter destination on Kos Island, with none of the hustle and bustle of livelier places such as Kardamena and the environs of Kos Town. The warm sea is normally calm and the water is extremely clear (as clear as a swimming pool) on the gently sloping sea-bed off the beach. Unlike the island&#39;s northern shores, where the sea is usually rougher and less clear, due to the shallow sandy sea-bed, there is no drifted seaweed spoiling the beach. A breeze, which comes from the north on most summer days, tempers the heat so it is not so oppressive.</p><br>
<p>Most of the Bay area is flat; in geologically recent times it was part of the seabed! There are many apartments and hotels which attract good reviews and some of the hotels have good-sized swimming pools. Hotels are throughout the bay area with some off a lane running parallel with, and a very short distance from, the main road. No accommodation is far from a supermarket, grocers, bar, café or restaurant.</p><br>
<p>When eating out, the visitor has a wide range of venues to choose from including a steak house, restaurants offering western European breakfasts and dinners, Italian cuisine, Indian and Chinese meals as well as a host of traditional Greek tavernas - there is even a tea shop & café! It is normal to serve a bread course before a meal but if you don&#39;t want this, have a word with the waiting-staff when being seated. Service charges are not levied, but if you wish to leave a tip nobody will be offended! There are several music venues, for the younger visitors, and some places feature occasional live music. Kos island is one of the cheapest Greek destinations to dine out, but if self-catering bear in mind that most shop and supermarket products are imported and tend to cost more. Some grocery brands, familiar to the UK visitor, are more expensive than other European brands that are often produced by the same manufacturer – read the small-print! Local island produce is cheaper but is restricted mainly to bakery products, some meats, honey, fruit and vegetables. However, if you are staying in an apartment and require breakfast out, many premises open early and can supply a wide choice of breakfast items or even just a hot beverage.</p><br>
<p>When drinking out (prices are lower than in the UK), two Greek beers are widely available in bottles or on draught; &#39;Alfa&#39; (Αλφα or ΑΛΦΑ) from Athens (Αθήνα) and &#39;Mythos&#39; (Μύθος) from Thessaloniki (θεσσαλονίκη). Other common beers include &#39;Amstel&#39; and &#39;Heineken&#39;, both from Amsterdam. Wines, both local and imported are available; the local wine, from the &#39;Volcania&#39; winery, in Kefalos, has a substantial following amongst visitors. A wide range of spirits is available and many will be familiar to the visitor, but as it is &#39;free-pour&#39; and not on optic some measures served can be mind-boggling!</p><br>
<p>Cigarettes, tobacco and cigars are comparatively cheap and familiar brands are available, but cigars imported from the UK can be expensive.</p><br>
<p>The Bay area is served by a bus service to Kefalos village, via the harbour, and towards Kos Town, via the main road using the eastern road from Kefalos village. The buses offer a speedy service and are air-conditioned; buses to Kos Town go via Paradise Beach, the airport & Antimachia, Mastichari and Zipari. There are bus stops each end of the promenade and along the main road. Also, there are several hire companies operating in the bay area which offer rental of cars, motor bikes, scooters, quad-bikes and the like, as well as even bicycles!</p><br>
<p>Disabled visitors are catered for; there is now a hire shop on the main road, next to a &#39;Manolis&#39; car hire centre, that can provide wheelchairs and electrically-driven equipment.</p><br>
<p>There are occasional boat trips (normally twice weekly) from the harbour to the island of Nisyros. Angling is popular especially in the deep water of the harbour area and its adjoining beach, where there are fewer swimmers. Local fishing boats also land their catches at the harbour and sell their produce to the local restaurants and up in Kefalos village near the bank.</p><br>
<p>Kamari Bay has two bank cash dispensers on the main road (next to &#39;Jim&#39;s Super Market&#39; and at &#39;Kefalos Car Hire&#39;) but for the main bank, a visit to Kefalos village (at the top of the east road) is required. Nearby in Kefalos village there are chemists, with a good range of medicines and perfumes, stationery shops and a pottery as well as the usual bars, tavernas and shops - and a wonderful view of the bay and beyond. If buying sun products it is best to purchase them from a chemist as they are kept in air-conditioned premises and not left displayed in direct sunlight. Chemists are open in the morning and evening but shut for the afternoon. Back in Kamari Bay there are shops offering all the usual Greek souvenirs as well as beach and pool accessories. Supermarkets are referred to as &#39;Super Markets&#39; and are usually a family-run mixture of grocery, off-licence and hardware stores.</p><br>
<p>Religion is taken seriously, particularly amongst the older generations. Churches, even if not regularly used, are often meticulously maintained. On Sundays, some businesses are closed, or may have restricted opening hours, particularly in Kefalos village. Also, some accommodation may not be serviced on Sundays.</p><br>
<p>The Agri is a river in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. In ancient times it was known as Aciris . The source of the river is in the Lucan Apennines north of Monte Volturino and west of Calvello in the province of Potenza. It is near the source of the Basento. The river flows south near Paterno before curving southeast. It flows near Tramutola, Viggiano, and Grumento Nova before entering a lake. After exiting the lake, the river flows eastward near Armento, Missanello, Aliano, and Sant&#39;Arcangelo. A right tributary, the Racanello, enters the river in this area. The river forms the border between the province of Potenza and the province of Matera for part of this area of the river. It flows into a small lake before entering the province of Matera. The river flows for a short distance before entering Lago di Gannano. After exiting the lake, the river flows southeast near Tursi, Montalbano Jonico, and Scanzano Jonico before flowing into the Gulf of Taranto near Policoro.</p><br>
<p>Huivulai  is an island located five kilometers off the coast of the Mexican state of Sonora in the Gulf of California.</p><br>
<p>The island is part of the municipio of Benito Juárez and is located 45 kilometers south of Ciudad Obregón. Huivulai island is 17 kilometers long by 1.2 kilometers wide. One of the main attractions of the island is its high dunes where 4x4 fans can race.</p><br>
<p>In this island, the movie Todo por nada (1964) was filmed.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>There is also a sweet water well 97 meters deep creating an oasis of date-producing palm trees where birds such as fulvous whistling duck, grey pelicans and American white pelicans live as well as grey herons, corvettas, cranes and albatross. Other species of birds seen in the island are turnstones, spoonbills, skimmers, waders, and other shorebirds, gulls, terns, frigatebirds, and boobies.</p><br>
<p>Along the beaches of these island tourists fish for mullets, sea bass, and two species of the genus Epinephelus.</p><br>
<p>Koukounaries  is a location and a beach in the southwest part of the Skiathos island in Greece. It is 16 km southwest of the main town on the island. Skiathos is part of the Sporades group of islands in the Northern Aegean Sea.</p><br>
<p>At Koukounaries there is a lagoon and a wooded peninsula with a stone pine (Pinus pinea) forest separating the lagoon from the Aegean Sea. On the seaward side of the peninsula there is a popular beach called Koukounaries or Chrysi Ammos (Χρυσή Άμμος, meaning golden sand).</p><br>
<p>Koukounaries was once known as Maratha (Μάραθα). Until 1964, when Skiathos was designated by the Greek National Tourism Organisation as a special development zone for tourism, the Town of Skiathos was the only settlement on the island. Following the GNTO&#39;s zoning, a paved road along the coast connected the Town of Skiathos to Koukounaries. Around the same time, the first large scale resort development on the island was built in Koukounaries. Koukounaries is the last stop of the bus route from Skiathos Town.</p><br>
<p>Currently, Koukounaries is a popular tourist destination during summer with numerous hotels, hostels, camping sites, tavernas, restaurants, bars, "ouzeri", and cafes.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Indian Lake is a reservoir and unincorporated community situated 509 feet  above sea level in Denville Township, New Jersey. Snake Hill rises 780 ft to its west and Chestnut Hill rises 640 ft to its east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally the area of Indian Lake was quite rural with active farms. Besides the Hinchman farm, there was the Thomas Green farm on Chestnut Hill, the Hussa Farm on Franklin Road near USA Route 46, and the Ed Beam Farm in the North Shore Road area of Indian Lake.</p><br>
<p>The idea of Indian Lake was originally conceived by Joseph B. Righter in hopes of creating a development similar to nearby Mountain Lakes. He was a native of Denville and visualized that the waters of Den Brook could provide an excellent lake because of the surrounding terrain. He accumulated numerous parcels of land until he had accumulated approximately 300 acre of land. Around 1920 he proceeded to clear the property. The trees were hauled by a yoke of oxen to a sawmill that was set up on site.</p><br>
<p>A dam was required to hold back the waters of the Den Brook. Which has since been replaced due to its age.</p><br>
<p>The Den Brook started flooding the cleared land. The resulting lake, Lenape Lake, was named after the earliest inhabitants of the area, the Leni Lenape Native Americans of the Delaware tribe.</p><br>
<p>Roads were laid out and the land divided into plots for year-round homes. The first house was sold right next to the dam. J.B. Righter took ill and died in November 1922. His dream for Lenape Lake was realized but he never saw it developed.</p><br>
<p>The first house built on Lenape Lake was built by his wife Susan A. Righter, and stands at the corner of Southwynde Drive and Indian Road.</p><br>
<p>After a short time the A.D. Crane Company bought the property from the estate. They completely changed the entire original plans, including road plans, divided it into smaller lots, and instead of developing high-priced year-round homes, it was developed into a summer community. Subsequently they changed the name from Lenape Lake to Indian Lake but named the island Lenape Island.</p><br>
<p>Many of the new residents came from Hudson, Bergen, and Essex counties. Originally non-lakefront lots could be bought for $300–$400, while lake front lots sold for about $1000.</p><br>
<p>Indian lake continued as a summer community for many years. In 1924 there were about 500 summer residents in Indian lake. The Great Depression years saw a few families move from New York City to the cottages they owned. The following generation&#39;s need for homes of their own and the post World War II housing shortage further accelerated the development of the community as a year-round residential area.</p><br>
<h2>Native American History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest known inhabitants of the area were the Leni Lenape of the Delaware tribe.</p><br>
<p>There can be no doubt that what is now known as Lenape Island was once the site of a Native American settlement. The Rev. C.R. Snyder, pastor of the Denville M.E. Church, 1890–1895, was a student of archeology and spent his time exploring the hills and fields of this area. He found on Lenape Island a great number of implements used by the local Native Americans, such as arrowheads, knives, fletchers, pestles, and pieces of pottery.</p><br>
<h2>Community Club</h2><br>
<p>In 1923, the property owners of Indian Lake saw the need for an organization to control the use of the lake. A meeting was held in the Denville School, and the Indian Lake Community Club was formed in order to promote and protect the interests of the residents of the community. It is a private association and use of the lake and its facilities require membership in the lake association. An elected board of officers and trustees administrate the lake association.</p><br>
<p>The Indian lake Community Club was formed under the first president of Indian Lake, Dr. W. Moore Gould. For the years 1923-1924, there were about 130 families in the community club. The dues at that time were $10 per family plus a charge for extra beach tags. During the depression years, many men and women were out of work, and the membership dues were paid by working for the club. Today the Indian Lake Community Club is an organization of approximately 500 households.</p><br>
<p>A large lakeside clubhouse is the focal point of the association. During the summer season Indian Lake&#39;s three beaches are staffed by lifeguards and are centers of activity. Boating, fishing, basketball, horseshoes, and other sporting activities are available. In addition, Indian Lake is available for water skiing and tubing, two popular activities.</p><br>
<p>Indian Lake is a member of the Hub Lakes association that includes a group of lakes in Morris County. Hub Lakes provides a multi-sport competition league in which Indian Lake members of all ages can participate. Sports include volleyball, swimming, diving, softball, horseshoes, golf, track and other sports. In recent years the track and dive team have been quite dominant in competition. The association also offers year-round structured programs and activities including swimming lessons, aerobics classes, dances, dinners, and other group events. Some fun events include a pig roast, a lip sync contest, a visit from Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny for children, a Bass fishing contest, New Years Eve party, casino night, clam bake, and Monday Night Football at the full service bar. Many events are sponsored by sub-clubs including a Womans Club, Men&#39;s Club, Senior Club, Junior Club and the Aquatic Club. Lake membership also entitles members to rent the clubhouse for private events.</p><br>
<p>Information about lake activities can be found in the Indian Lake Crier, a monthly newsletter mailed to all the residents in the lake area.</p><br>
<h2>Indian Lake's King and Queen Tradition</h2><br>
<p>Since 1927 the tradition of choosing by popular vote, a king and queen, from teenagers living in the lake began. Except for a few years, a royal couple reigned each summer. During World War II the titles were changed to Mr. Victory and Miss Liberty. In 1944 a bathing beauty contest was held instead of a king and queen election since there were not many young men available. In 1947 the members were eager to pick up where they left off and another royal couple was elected.</p><br>
<p>In recent years the royal couple have been typically high school seniors and are selected by a vote, of all the lake members, conducted on Fun Weekend. Several weeks later a royal celebration is held which lasts all weekend. It starts with the official coronation, and party, on Friday night. Then on Saturday there is a semi-formal themed royal ball. This is followed on Sunday afternoon by a car parade around the lake typically followed by a picnic. It is a weekend full of tradition that all lake members are invited to enjoy. Since 1965 a Mr. & Mrs. Indian Lake represented by one of the adult couples has also been elected.</p><br>
<p>Smith Sound is an uninhabited Arctic sea passage between Greenland and Canada&#39;s northernmost island, Ellesmere Island. It links Baffin Bay with Kane Basin and forms part of the Nares Strait.</p><br>
<p>On the Greenland side of the sound were the now abandoned settlements of Etah and Annoatok.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first known visit to the area by Europeans was in 1616 when the Discovery, captained by Robert Bylot and piloted by William Baffin, sailed into this region. The sound was originally named Sir Thomas Smiths Bay after the English diplomat Sir Thomas Smythe. By the 1750s it regularly appeared on maps as Sir Thomas Smiths Sound, though no further exploration of the area would be recorded until John Ross&#39; 1818 expedition. By this time it had begun to be known simply as Smith Sound.</p><br>
<p>In 1852 Edward Augustus Inglefield penetrated a little further than Baffin, establishing a new furthest north in North America.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square is a historic Greek Revival Episcopal church designed by Benjamin Latrobe and located at Sixteenth Street and H Street NW, in Washington, D.C. It is across Lafayette Square from the White House. Every sitting president has attended the church at least once since it was built in 1816, starting with James Madison. With the exception of Richard Nixon, every president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has attended spiritual services on Inauguration Day, many at St. Johns. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two years after Maryland had ceded to the United States the territory constituting the present District of Columbia, the legislature of that state, appreciating the necessity of providing for the spiritual needs of the Protestant Episcopal inhabitants who were to reside there, and on their petition, passed the act of 26 December, 1794, creating a new parish, to be known as Washington Parish-to be composed of so much of the Rock Creek Parish, in Montgomery County, Maryland, as St. Johns Parish, in Prince Georges County, Maryland, as was within the boundaries of the new city of Washington. In the next year a vestry was elected by the Episcopalians of the eastern end of the new parish, and the Rev. Mr. Ralph was appointed rector of the charge then organized, and took his seat in the Maryland Convention of 1795. This congregation occupied a small building on D Street and New Jersey Avenue, in the southeastern part of Washington, which since 1780, had been used as a chapel of ease connected with St. John Parish in Prince George&#39;s County. In 1806 a vestry was elected from the people worshipping at this chapel, and, in 1807, a new church was established in that vicinity, which was named Christ Church.</p><br>
<p>In Georgetown, in 1796, the Protestant Episcopal inhabitants had inaugurated a movement resulting in the establishment of a church within the new parish, which was consecrated in 1809-so that, when the general government was removed from Philadelphia, in 1800, the newcomers found three places of worship for Episcopalians within the district, two previously mentioned and the third being St. Paul&#39;s Church in Rock Creek Parish; but all too far removed from the central and more populated portion of Washington to be practically useful in those days of almost impassable roads. To supply this great need the residents in what was known as the First and Second Wards of Washington-lying between Georgetown and Sixth Street-in the year 1814 took decided measures to procure the erection of a church in the part of the city referred to. The persons who seem to have been most actively engaged in this work were Thomas H Gillis, James Davidson, Lund Washington, Peter Hagner, John Graham (diplomat), John Peter Van Ness, Joshua Dawson, William Winston Seaton, John Tayloe III, Thomas Munroe, James Thompson, James H. Blake, David Easton, and Joseph Gales, Jr. 1805 portrait by Gilbert Stuart of the National Intelligencer by Gilbert Stuart on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art  </p><br>
<p>The first entry in the earliest record book of the church, under date May 10, 1816, is in these words:</p><br>
<p>"May 10, 1816. At a meeting of citizens, resident in the First and Second Wards of the City of Washington, it was resolved that the following named gentlemen be appointed Trustees to manage the secular affairs of St. Johns Church, until a Vestry can be legally appointed, and to apply to the next Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church for a division of the Parish of Washington; so as to attach the Parish of St. John&#39;s Church, viz: John Davidson, Peter Hagner, James Thompson, John Peter Van Ness, John Tayloe III, Thomas H Gillis, James H. Blake, and Roger C. Weightman."</p><br>
<p>On December 27, 1816, being St. John&#39;s Day, Bishop James Kemp of Maryland performed the ceremonies of consecration, and religious services were conducted by the bishop and attendant clergy. The church building was designed by Benjamin Latrobe Esq., and constructed under his superintendence. He declined to receive and compensation for his valuable services, but the vestry voted him a pew free of rent, in acknowledgement of his generosity. This he declined, expressing his preference for some token that he might transmit to his children, and the testimonial took the form of a piece of plate. John Tayloe III donated to the parish a communion service of silver, which Bishop William Meade, in his work on the old Churches of Virginia, says had been purchased by Col. Tayloe at a sale of the effects of the Lunenburg Parish Church in Richmond County, Virginia, to prevent its desecration for secular use. </p><br>
<p>By 1842, it had become evident that further increases of the seating capacity of the church was expedient, and at a meeting of the pewholders called by public notice, on the eleventh of November, 1842, a committee, consisting of Richard Smith, John Canfield Spencer, Peter Hagner, Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, and William Thomas Carroll, was appointed to report a plan by which the number of pews should be increased, improved access given to galleries, and the interests of the existing pewholders properly adjusted. The committee reported on the twenty-eighth of November, and in the following April, Col. John James Abert, Gen. Winfield Scott, Frank Markoe, and Charles Gordon, were appointed a committee to carry the plan into effect. In its execution the original arrangement of pews and aisles, which had hitherto remained substantially unchanged, was very greatly altered. The box and high-back pews were changed to low-back seats; the brick pavement disappeared with the old form of the aisles; the chancel was enlarged, and the wine-glass pulpit was removed.  by Thomas Sully , 1835 portrait by George Catlin</p><br>
<p>Still more extensive changes were made in 1883 under the direction of Mr. Bancroft Davis and Gen. Peter V. Hagner, when almost all the windows were filled with stained glass, dedicated, for the most part, to deceased members of the congregation. The chancel was considerably enlarged; a new organ placed within the chancel rail; an addition made at the southeast corner of the church for a chantry, and a new vestry room, choir rooms, and offices erected. Altogether at least 180 sittings were added, making the entire sitting accommodation of the church at 780. </p><br>
<p>Beginning with James Madison, every president has been an occasional attendee at St. Johns due both to the overwhelmingly Episcopal religious affiliation of USA presidents and the churchs proximity to the executive mansion. Perhaps the most devoted presidential attendee was Abraham Lincoln, who habitually joined evening prayer throughout the Civil War from an inconspicuous rear pew. St. Johns is popularly nicknamed the "Church of the Presidents". President James Madison established the tradition of a "presidents pew," selecting pew 28 for his private use in 1816. During a renovation in 1843, the pews were renumbered, and the presidents pew became pew 58. President John Tyler asked that pew 58 be assigned to him, and paid for its use in perpetuity by presidents of the United States. Additional renovations in 1883 renumbered the seat to pew 54, and this pew has remained reserved for the presidents use when in attendance. Although the "president&#39;s pew" is open for the use of any USA president who wishes to worship at the church, during weddings and other events the president usually sits in the front pew as a matter of protocol.</p><br>
<p>President Chester A. Arthur commissioned a memorial window for his wife, Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, who died in 1880, which was displayed in the church&#39;s south transept that is visible from the White House and lighted from within at his behest.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, St. John&#39;s Church was placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the USA Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<p>Organized as a parish in 1815, it was named for Saint John, the Evangelist. The building opened and the first service was held at St. John&#39;s Church on October 27, 1816. The Rev. William Dickinson Hawley served as its rector from 1817 to 1845, also serving as Chaplain of the Senate. The church building was designed by Benjamin Latrobe, architect of the USA Capitol Building, and is constructed of stucco-covered brick, taking the form of a Greek cross. In 1820, the portico and tower were added.</p><br>
<p>The bell in St. Johns steeple weighs nearly 1,000 pounds. It was cast by Paul Reveres son, Joseph, at his Boston foundry in August 1822 and installed at St. Johns on November 30, 1822. President James Monroe authorized a $100 contribution of public funds toward the purchase of this church bell, which also served as an alarm bell for the neighborhoods and public buildings in the vicinity of the church. St. Johns bell is one of two Revere bells in Washington, both cast and installed in 1822. Of the two, however, St. Johns bell is the only one that has been in continuous service, since its installation. According to at least two accounts, whenever the bell tolls because of the death of a notable person, six ghostly men in white robes appear in the presidents pew at midnight and then vanish.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, the formal state funeral of British ambassador Lord Pauncefote took place in St. John&#39;s Church.</p><br>
<p>Artwork in the church includes two sculptures by Jay Hall Carpenter, a chapel cross in polished brass, and Ascent Into Heaven, a 3/4 lifesize bronze angel and child overlooking the church&#39;s columbarium.</p><br>
<p>Nea Makri  is a town in East Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Marathon, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 36.662 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nea Makri is situated on the coast of the Petalioi Gulf, a gulf of the Aegean Sea, in the easternmost part of the Attica peninsula. It is 7 km north of Rafina, 8 km south of Marathon and 25 km northeast of Athens city centre. The municipal unit Nea Makri also contains the village Neos Voutzas, 5 km south of Nea Makri town centre. Greek National Road 83 (Athens - Marathon - Rafina) passes through Nea Makri. It is widely known and visited due to its coastline and its beaches are among the top10 cleaner in the region of Attica.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was once known as Plesti, but following the 1922 Greek military disaster in Asia Minor and the subsequent repatriation of Greeks from the town of Makri, it was renamed Nea Makri (New Makri).</p><br>
<p>The United States Navy operated a HF radio communications base north of Nea Makri from the mid to the late 20th century. The transmitters were located further north, at Kato Souli. The callsign of the station was NGR. The American naval communications station was the deployment location for Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133, homeported in Gulfport, MS.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The Alex Theatre is a landmark located at 216 North Brand Boulevard in Glendale, California, United States. It is currently owned by the city of Glendale and operated by Glendale Arts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural design of the original 1925 Alexander (as it was known until about 1939) was attributed to the architectural firm of Meyer & Holler; the front addition in 1939 was attributed to Arthur G. Lindley and Charles R. Selkirk, who also designed the Hotel Glendale. The unique interior has distinct neo-classic Greek and Egyptian architectural elements, similar to the Greco-Egyptian period of Ptolemaic Egypt. A long walkway and courtyard separating the ticket booth from the lobby was inspired after the famous Grauman&#39;s Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, notable theater architect S. Charles Lee was commissioned to redesign the exterior of the Alexander. Lees portfolio included the Tower Theatre and the Los Angeles Theatre, both in Downtown Los Angeles, the Academy Theatre in Inglewood, as well as the Tujunga Theatre in Tujunga. His contributions included a 100 ft art-deco column with neon lights, topped by a spiked, neon sphere that gave it a starburst appearance. A neon, angled marquee emblazoned the theaters new name, the Alex, which was shortened to fit the larger letters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Alexander officially opened its doors on September 4, 1925. It was operated by the West Coast-Langley Theatre Circuit and featured vaudeville performances, plays and silent movies on a single screen. It was named after Alexander Langley, the son of C.L. Langley, owner of the West Coast chain that included the Raymond Theater in Pasadena, and the Orange Theatre in the city of Orange. In addition to the lavish architecture, a huge Wurlitzer pipe organ was installed. A regular organist supplied improvised accompaniment during the silent picture era. Several movies had their preview screening at The Alex, inviting celebrities such as Alice Faye, Don Ameche, Elizabeth Taylor for National Velvet and Bing Crosby for Going My Way (both 1944). A backstage fire in 1948 caused $150,000 in damages.</p><br>
<p>Starting in the 1950s, the Alex showed blockbuster films such as Ben-Hur (1959) and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). A wide aspect ratio screen was installed in 1954, along with a surround sound system to accommodate the new Cinemascope pictures.</p><br>
<p>The Alex underwent an extensive renovation in 1993 which restored much of the original wall-painting and decorations, as well as the neon spire added by S. Charles Lee.</p><br>
<h2>The Alex today</h2><br>
<p>The Alex Theatre Performing Arts and Entertainment Center has been the centerpiece of the Glendales arts, culture and community events since it originally opened. It is managed by, a non-profit organization. The theaters diverse schedule boasts roughly 250 events per year and attracts more than 100,000 patrons annually. Programs range from classical and contemporary concerts, theatre, dance, comedy, fundraising and special events as well as TV and film productions and industry related award presentations.</p><br>
<p>Resident companies include the Alex Film Society, Glendale Youth Orchestra, Musical Theatre Guild, and the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra.</p><br>
<p>The Alex Film Society regularly schedules classic films, often accompanied with special guests (e.g., the annual Thanksgiving weekend tradition "Three Stooges Big Screen Event," which children, grandchildren, and other relatives of the Stooges often attend), live musical performances of the films soundtrack and vintage photos.</p><br>
<p>Backstage tours covering the entire history of the Alex are available through the.</p><br>
<p>Stevens Creek Reservoir is an artificial lake located in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains near Cupertino, California. A 1,063 acre county park surrounds the reservoir and provides limited fishing , picnicking, hiking, and horseback riding activities. Although swimming is not allowed, non-power boating  is allowed. No powered boats or jet skis are allowed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir was formed by the Stevens Creek Dam, built in 1935 across Stevens Creek. It is one of the smaller reservoirs owned by the Santa Clara Valley Water District.</p><br>
<p>Originally named Arroyo de San José Cupertino, Stevens Creek flows into the reservoir and out of the dam to San Francisco Bay. Stevens Creek and the reservoir are named after Captain Elijah Stephens who led the first wagon train across the Sierra Nevada in 1844 and settled in Cupertino.</p><br>
<h2>Stevens Creek Dam</h2><br>
<p>Stevens Creek Dam is an earthen dam 132 ft high and 1,080 ft long. Its crest is 554 ft above sea level. In 1985, the dam&#39;s height was raised 10 ft to its present height with the addition of 231,000 cubic yards of material.</p><br>
<h2>Stevens Creek County Park</h2><br>
<p>Stevens Creek County Park is one of 28 Santa Clara County Parks. The 1,063 acre park surrounds the reservoir, with the Picchetti Ranch Open Space Preserve adjacent to its east on the Montebello Ridge (also known as Black Mountain). An entrance to the park lies three miles from Interstate 280. Six miles of trails connect with the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District&#39;s Fremont Older Open Space Preserve.</p><br>
<h3>Fishing</h3><br>
<p>Bluegill, Koi, Asian Carp, Largemouth Bass, Crappie and other species of fish live in the reservoir. It can be fished only with a permit unless under the age of 16. However it is strictly catch and release because of problems with the concentration of mercury and PCBs in the water.</p><br>
<p>Lyari River  is a small ephemeral stream that flows through the Pakistani megacity of Karachi from north east to the center and drains into the Arabian Sea at the Manora channel. It is one of the two rivers of Karachi, the other one being Malir River. The river is about 50 kilometres  long. As a seasonal river it carries the collected water after the rains in the catchment area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Until the 1975s, the river held clean water and fish, with farming activities on its banks. However, after the independence of Pakistan from British colonialism in 1947, when Karachi was announced as the capital city of the new country, a large influx of refugees from various Indian states as well as from other provinces of Pakistan came to live in the city. With rapid growth of the citys economy, industry, and population, the rivers ecology was transformed and it gradually continued to discharge waste water, sewage and industrial effluents.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopments along the river</h2><br>
<p>With many squatter settlements groomed in the river&#39;s surroundings, the occasional floods started causing human and property loss. Especially, after the havoc caused by the torrential rains in 1977, need was realised to build flood barriers along the river. In 1986, a proposal was made to build an expressway through the city that would run along the riverbanks of Lyari. The plan was abandoned because an estimated 100,000 people would have to be relocated. However, the flood incidents continued in the 1990s.</p><br>
<h3>Lyari Expressway</h3><br>
<p>The project comprises a 16.5 kilometre (10¼ mile) stretch of elevated expressway running along both sides of the river, cutting through the city to Karachi Port, as an extension/alternative to the Northern Bypass. The work commenced in 2002 without any public consensus, as a result of which large numbers of houses and schools were demolished on the reasons of Informal settlements. The measures were strongly opposed by affected population, community groups, civil society organizations and NGOs on the grounds that at least 200,000 families would have to be displaced from the development sites in addition to the economic and environmental costs. A number of cost effective alternatives were also proposed by local activists and organizations. However, the project continued with the additions of Lyari Expressway Resettlement Project as a relocation plan to move the affected families to the purpose-built areas in Hawks Bay and Taiser Town, in the citys suburbs.</p><br>
<h3>Other developments and extensions</h3><br>
<p>Apart from the eviction and resettlement of Lyari Expressway, redevelopment plans have also been carried out under the Lyari River Development Scheme in other towns along the river such as Gulberg, North Nazimabad, Saddar, Jamshed, Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Liaquatabad.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>The river is the main contributor to an estimated amount of 200 million Imperial gallons (909.218 million litres) of raw sewage that enters the Arabian Sea. The only non-saline input is the local run-off from rainfall. A large number of industries including leather tanning units, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, refineries, chemical, textile, paper and pulp, engineering works and thermal power stations, located along the river, regularly discharge their untreated industrial waste. With the growing amount of organic nutrients in the river water, the marine ecology along the coastal shelf has been alarmingly affected. The spillage due to tidal action also continues to affect the mangroves along the Karachi coast., there must be a civil society effort come to action to save this precious gift of nature, civic sense chapters must be included in the course since beginning, PIL(Public Interest letigations) must have been file to tame the industrialist to install the water treatment unit at their plants. The pollutants along with other environmental perturbations have also proved to be harmful to the biodiversity of marine species along Karachi Fish Harbour including green turtle, seabirds and marine mammals.</p><br>
<p>The Bull Bridge Aqueduct was situated on the Cromford Canal, built in 1794, at Bullbridge east of Ambergate along the Amber Valley, where it turned sharply to cross the valley and the Ambergate to Nottingham road. The Cromford canal is in Derbyshire, England.</p><br>
<p>Known officially as the "Amber Aqueduct", it was actually an earthwork bank surmounted by masonry walls across the valley some thirty feet high in places. It was pierced by three arches. One was for the river. The second was an accommodation arch for the houses behind, which are now the small village known as Bullbridge. The main road passed through the third which was the original Bull Bridge.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, George Stephenson engineered the North Midland Railway to intersect the canal at this point on its way from Ambergate to Wingfield and Stretton, towards Clay Cross and Chesterfield. The lines were laid in the space between the river and the road, but were carried on an embankment over the side road leading to Bullbridge village, which itself was carried by a bridge over the river. A Victorian commentator wrote "river, road, railway and canal were thus piled up, four stories high".</p><br>
<p>To avoid paying compensation to the canal owners, it was necessary to take the railway under the waterway without closing the canal. An iron tank 150 ft long, 6 ft deep and 9 ft wide was prefabricated in sections at the Butterley Company&#39;s ironworks. The sections were assembled on site and floated to the spot, sunk and embedded during the night without interrupting the traffic on the canal.</p><br>
<p>In 1860 the railway bridge (not visible in the picture) failed as a goods train passed over it, fortunately without casualties.</p><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century the canal went out of use. Where it crossed the highway, the aqueduct was only wide enough for a single line of traffic and was controlled by traffic lights. In 1968 the road became a feeder route for the newly upgraded A38 towards the M1 and the aqueduct was demolished.</p><br>
<p>Mount Werner is a mountain summit in the Park Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 10,570 ft peak is located in Routt National Forest, 7.4 km east-southeast  of the City of Steamboat Springs in Routt County, Colorado, United States. The mountain was renamed in 1964 in honor of skier Buddy Werner.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Mount Werner is 150 mi northwest of Denver. The mountain reaches a height of 10,570 ft above sea level and has a base elevation of 6,900 ft, for a vertical rise of 3,670 ft. It has five peaks (from lowest to highest), Christie Peak, Thunderhead Peak, Sunshine Peak, Storm Peak, and Mount Werner.</p><br>
<p>Formerly known as Storm Mountain, it was renamed in 1965 in honor of Buddy Werner, an Olympian from Steamboat Springs who was killed in an avalanche in Switzerland in April 1964.</p><br>
<p>Mount Werner stands within the watershed of the Yampa River, which drains into the Green River, the Colorado River, and thence into the Gulf of California in Mexico.</p><br>
<h2>Steamboat Ski Resort</h2><br>
<p>The Steamboat Ski Resort operates on 2,965 acre of the mountain. It is serviced by the Silver Bullet gondola lift and several chairlifts. It regularly receives some of the highest levels of snow in Colorado. The most recent ten year snowfall average was 334 in per year. Much of the mountain and the resort are contained within the Routt National Forest.</p><br>
<p>It is the home mountain of world champion snowboarder Arielle Gold.</p><br>
<h2>Historical names</h2><br>
<p>Mount Werner – 1964</p><br>
<p>Storm Mountain</p><br>
<p>Mweelrea is a mountain in County Mayo, Ireland. It is the highest mountain in Connacht.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>With a height of 814 metres (2,670 feet), the mountain is the highest point in the province of Connacht and the 34th highest in the island of Ireland. The mountain overlooks Killary Harbour.</p><br>
<p>Mweelrea is a mountain overlooking the Atlantic coast, and as such weather conditions can change very rapidly and this poses particular challenges for climbers who are inexperienced or have limited navigation abilities. From the east the mountain is well protected by outlying ridges and boggy ground as well as a cliff line to the east of the main summit.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>The easiest ascent is probably by starting on the coast to the west of the mountain and ascending gentle slopes, but even from this side climbers need to navigate carefully as cloud or mist can obscure the summit very rapidly. Access across land/farms may be a problem from this side however so climbers need to consult with local landowners before entering land there.</p><br>
<p>The summit does provide stunning views of the surrounding area, including views of County Galway and Mayo, and the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Naulette, Caverne de la Naulette is a large cave on the left bank of the Lesse, a tributary of the Meuse in the hills above Dinant, Belgium.</p><br>
<p>In 1866 Belgian paleontologist Édouard Dupont discovered a fragmented edentulous human mandible and an incomplete ulna at Naulette, that are now housed in the Brussels Natural History Museum.</p><br>
<p>Contrary to earlier human fossil discoveries, such as the Neanderthal 1 remains in Germany, which could not be traced back to its contextual origin the Naulette fossil&#39;s antiquity was quickly confirmed as it was recorded in a precise stratigraphic context and could be compared and associated with remains of large, extinct prehistoric mammals, mammoth, rhinoceros and reindeer unearthed from the same sediment layer. French anthropologist Paul Broca wrote, that the discovery constitutes "the first event providing Darwinists with anatomical evidence. It is the first link in the chain which, according to them, extends from man to the apes".</p><br>
<p>The mandible exhibits certain peculiarities, is of a very ape-like type in its extreme projection and that of the teeth sockets (the teeth themselves are lost), suggesting very strong canines and large molars that increase in size backwards. The Naulette Man is now considered to be a Neanderthal assigned to the Mousterian culture.</p><br>
<p>Thermos  was an ancient Greek sanctuary, which served as the regular meeting place of the Aetolian League. Its focal point was the temple of Apollo Thermios, famous for the archaic terracotta metopes decorated with painted scenes from mythology, which are among the earliest examples of this art form in Greece.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thermos was already an important regional centre in the prehistoric period: a long apsidal building (with one rounded end: "Megaron A"), elliptical and square houses with finds of pottery in the Middle Helladic tradition together with imports of high quality Mycenaean pottery can all be dated to the Late Helladic IIA period c. 1500 BC. This settlement continued to flourish throughout the Mycenaean period, even after the destruction of the Mycenaean palaces (LH IIIC, 1200-1100 BC) when a fine krater (large bowl) decorated with warriors in the same style as the well-known Warrior Vase found by Heinrich Schliemann at Mycenae was brought to the site.</p><br>
<p>A large rectangular building (Megaron B) which underlies the Temple of Apollo was long thought to demonstrate the hypothetical development of the Archaic Greek temple form from the Mycenaean palace with the addition of a peristyle (or surrounding colonnade). Recent excavations, however, conducted by Professor I. Papapostolou for the Archaeological Society of Athens (Archaiologike Etairia Athenon) have demonstrated that a) the building is likely to have been constructed after the end of the Mycenaean period c. 1000-900 BC; b) that the curious horseshoe shaped setting of stone slabs which appeared to surround the Megaron was only put in place after the Megaron had gone out of use and c) that the burnt stratum with the typical offerings of the later Geometric period (800-700 BC), attested at many Greek sanctuary sites such as Olympia and Delphi, intervenes between the slabs and the foundations of the Archaic temple which carried the painted metopes. Thus, although the site of the temple was obviously of special importance from at least the end of the Mycenaean period, there is no demonstrable architectural continuity.</p><br>
<p>Thermos was not a city in the sense of a built-up urban centre like Athens, Argos or Corinth and until a late date the Aetolian League was a loose association with a tribal basis rather than a group of city-states. It is not known whether the sanctuary had a formal boundary before the Hellenistic period when substantial fortification walls with gates and towers were built on three sides of the enclosure. At the same time, three long stoas (verandah-like halls) were built within the precinct and the spring just to the south of the temple (perhaps the original reason for the location of the site) was enclosed to form a fine stone-lined pool.</p><br>
<p>The Aetolians at this period embellished the sanctuary with astonishing numbers of bronze dedicatory statues but today only a few fragments (fingers and toes or horses&#39; hooves) as well as the marble bases on which they stood, survive to illustrate this wealth. Unfortunate political alliances led to the sack of the site first by the King Philip V of Macedon during the Social War of 220-217 BC and then by the Romans in 189 BC which effectively ended its existence.</p><br>
<h2>Modern village</h2><br>
<p>The ancient name is preserved in the nearby contemporary Greek village of Thermo.</p><br>
<p>Ben Stack is a mountain in Sutherland, in the northwest of Scotland. It is 721 m high. It lies southeast of Laxford Bridge and northwest of Loch More along the A838 road, and just west of Loch Stack.</p><br>
<p>It is regarded as a moderately easy walk for walkers and hikers due to its overall height and its accessibility from the A838 road. It is most commonly climbed from the southeast, following the long eastern ridge of Leathad na Stioma. A slightly steeper alternative comes from the northwestern side, starting from near Lochstack Lodge. These starting points are both located on the A838 road, thus a traverse is possible.</p><br>
<p>On 6 August 2005 former U.K. Foreign Secretary Robin Cook died after collapsing with a heart attack whilst walking down from the summit.</p><br>
<p>Arcadia College, located in Arcadia, Missouri, United States, was founded by Rev. J.C. Berryman in 1843. The institution was associated with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Berryman then sold the institution in 1858 and it closed in 1861. The buildings were used as hospital for Union soldiers before reverting to Berryman in 1863. He returned for a few years and tried to restart the institution. The college then went through several owners and a four-story brick building was erected in 1870. Arcadia College closed in 1877. The building was acquired by Order of the Ursulines for Ursuline Academy/College. The school closed in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis Lecture Series at Texas A&M is named for a former chair of A&M&#39;s English Department who served as president of Arcadia from 1870-1873. The Nostalgic Place Bed & Breakfast operates on the former campus</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>Ursuline Academy-Arcadia College Historic District is a national historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Ben Rinnes  is a mountain in Banffshire, in northern Scotland. The mountain is popular with hikers with the sight from the summit that is described as truly amazing.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is 20 km² in total and is located 8 km southwest of Dufftown. The mountain has one main path and can be easily accessed from the nearby car park. The Friends of Ben Rinnes program has been working on the paths to make it more accessible to the public and to prevent further erosion of the fragile ecosystem on the steep slopes and has been rather successful.</p><br>
<h2>View aspects</h2><br>
<p>From the summit it is possible to see 8 counties (Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, Morayshire, Nairnshire, Inverness-shire, Ross and Cromarty, Sutherland, and Caithness) and on a clear day even the Moray coast. Another draw for the hiker are the waterfalls from the many rivers that flow down the mountain such as Linn of Ruthie.</p><br>
<h2>Ben Rinnes hill race</h2><br>
<p>A hill race has been held on Ben Rinnes for a number of years, as part of the Dufftown Highland Games. This race begins at the games field, goes over the neighbouring hills of Little Conval and Meikle Conval, then up to the summit of Ben Rinnes. Runners return by the same route. The race is 22 km long, with over 1500 m of ascent. The current record is 1:54:02, set by Robbie Simpson in the 2011 race.</p><br>
<h2>Line notes</h2><br>
<p>Will Mayfield College was a Baptist school located in Marble Hill, Missouri. From 1878 to 1934, the college offered four years of preparatory school and two years of junior college work.</p><br>
<p>Will Mayfield was founded by William Henderson Mayfield and Dr. H. J. Smith as the Mayfield-Smith Academy in Smithville (now Sedgewickville) in Bollinger County. It was governed by the St. Francois Baptist Association.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, the college was moved to the county seat at Marble Hill; the first building was completed in 1885. Historically known as the Administration Building, it was also used for classrooms, chapel and auditorium space. Significant additions designed by L. Baylor Pendleton were constructed in 1909 and 1924-25. The original section of this brick building is typical of two-story, four room educational buildings. The name of the school was changed in 1903 to Will Mayfield College in honor of William Henderson Mayfield&#39;s son, Will, who was a graduate of Mayfield-Smith Academy and who had died the previous year at the age of 20. The Arts and Science Building is a two-story brick building with raised basement has Classical Revival details and was constructed in 1924-1927 from plans by L. Baylor Pendleton.</p><br>
<p>Will Mayfield College permanently ceased operations in 1934 due to financial reasons. The Bollinger County Museum of Natural History is now operating on the grounds of the college. The Mayfield Cultural Center is housed in the original Administration Building and the attached chapel, with stage and balcony. The building is used as a visual and performing arts space and is also available for use as a banquet facility for weddings and special occasions. Both the museum and cultural center are projects of the Will Mayfield Heritage Foundation, a 501(c)3 non profit organization.</p><br>
<p>The Arts and Science Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The remainder of the campus was added in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Timnath or Timnah was a Philistine city in Canaan that is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in, as also in connection with Judah and Tamar in. Although inconclusive, modern archaeologists identify the ancient site with Tel Batash , a tel located in the Sorek Valley, near moshav Tal Shahar, Israel. Earlier historical geographers, such as A. Neubauer, Victor Guérin and Edward Robinson, have identified the site, not with Tel Batash, but with Khirbet Tibneh, a ruin located ca. 2 mi southwest of Bet Shemesh, in Israel. French orientalist, Clermont-Ganneau, also thought Tibneh to be a corruption of the Hebrew word, Timnah. When Edward Robinson visited the immediate area in 1838, Tibneh was already a deserted village. The site is not to be confused with the copper smelting site of Timna in the Arabah near Eilat.</p><br>
<p>The Tel Batash site was uncovered through 1977-1979 by Amihai Mazar and George L. Kelm while Kelm was serving as professor of Biblical Backgrounds and Archaeology at New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, on a dig sponsored by the Seminary.</p><br>
<p>The town of Timnath, Colorado in the United States is named for the city.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Tel Batash site is strategically located in the Sorek Valley, an access point from the Coastal Plain through the Shephelah and into the Central Judean Mountains. Access to the Khirbet Tibneh site is now restricted because of its proximity to a military installation, although it too lies adjacent to the Sorek Valley to its south, on an elevated plateau. Lying perpendicular to the ancient ruin of Tibneh and the biblical city of Beit Shemesh (&#39;Ain Shems) was another ancient village named Bîr el-Leimûn, being a junction on the road between Zorah and Tibneh and where there is a well. The place was still inhabited as late as 1838, but is now too a ruin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tel Batash site was first settled in the Middle Bronze Age by creating an earthen rampart that enclosed the 10 acre (4 hectare) site. Excavations under the leadership of Mazar and Kelm during the 1980s-1990s uncovered twelve strata of continuous settlement at the site through the Hellenistic period, with sparse settlement nearby during the Byzantine period. It included fortifications and buildings from the Kingdom of Judah period, dating to the 7th and 8th centuries BCE. In one of the buildings, a ceramic potsherd bearing a written LMLK seal was found. Not far from the tel, on the edge of Nahal Sorek are the remains of a Roman road as well as settlement dating to the Chalcolithic and Canaanite-periods.</p><br>
<p>Timnah is mentioned in in the context of the story of Tamar and in in the Samson saga. Samson goes to Timnah in order to find a wife. On his way there, he rends a lion. Samson marries a "girl of the Philistines" from Timnah. Samson poses a riddle for the men of Timnah, which they are only able to resolve following the intervention of his wife.</p><br>
<p>In, the city is mentioned as a point on the border of the Tribe of Judah. refers to Timnah&#39;s vineyards.</p><br>
<p>Triple Divide Peak  is located in the Lewis Range, part of the Rocky Mountains in North America. It is located in Glacier National Park in the state of Montana in the United States. The summit of the peak, the hydrological apex of the North American continent, is the point where two of the principal continental divides in North America converge, the primary Continental Divide of the Americas and the Northern or Laurentian Divide, and is the world&#39;s only ocean triple divide point.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>Water that falls at the summit can flow either to the Pacific, Atlantic, or Arctic oceans (when Hudson Bay is considered an Arctic tributary). The International Hydrographic Organization (in its current unapproved working edition only of Limits of Oceans and Seas) defines the Hudson Bay, with its outlet extending from 62.5 to 66.5 degrees north (just a few miles south of the Arctic Circle) as being part of the Arctic Ocean, specifically "Arctic Ocean Subdivision 9.11."</p><br>
<p>Discounting Antarctica and its ice sheets, only one other continent (Asia) borders three oceans, but the inward-draining Endorheic basin area of Central Asia from western China to the Aral and Caspian Seas is so vast that any Arctic and Indian Ocean tributaries are never within proximity of each other. Thus, North America&#39;s status of having a single location draining into three oceans is unique in the world.</p><br>
<p>Rainfall on the southwestern side of the peak enters Pacific Creek, which in turn enters Nyack Creek, the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, the Flathead River through Flathead Lake, the Clark Fork River into Pend Oreille Lake, the Pend Oreille River, and the Columbia River which empties into the Pacific near Astoria, Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The northern slope of the mountain sheds water into Hudson Bay Creek, which then drains into Medicine Owl Creek and Red Eagle Creek. It then empties into Saint Mary Lake, which feeds the St. Mary River, which in turn flows into the Oldman River, the South Saskatchewan River, the Saskatchewan River, and the Lake Winnipeg system, drained by the Nelson River which empties into Hudson Bay. (Some sources, however, consider Hudson Bay to be part of the Atlantic and, thus, Snow Dome – partially in Jasper National Park, on the border of the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada – to be the continent&#39;s sole hydrological apex.)</p><br>
<p>Moisture on the southeastern slopes feeds into Atlantic Creek, which in turn enters the North Fork of Cut Bank Creek, Cut Bank Creek, the Marias River, and the Missouri River which joins the Mississippi River before emptying into the Atlantic&#39;s Gulf of Mexico near New Orleans.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Lewis Range was formed in the Lewis Overthrust, some 170 million years ago, when an enormous slab of Precambrian rock faulted and slid over younger rocks from the Cretaceous period.</p><br>
<p>The Silberhorn  is a pyramid-shaped mountain of the Bernese Alps, to the northwest of the Jungfrau of which it is a satellite peak.</p><br>
<p>A first attempt to reach the summit of the Silberhorn was made in June 1863 by M. v. Fellenberg from the Stufensteinalp on the east side of the valley of Lauterbrunnen. After 9 hours of most perilous climbing the party encountered an impracticable precipice of rock, and were forced to return. In the following month of August MM. Badeker and v. Fellenberg, with two guides of Grindelwald, and others, reached the summit from the Wengernalp. Ascending by the Guggi Glacier, they passed a night on the rocks at the foot of the Schneehorn, a buttress of the Jungfrau dividing the Guggi and Giessen Glaciers. On the following day they gained the desired summit by a long and difficult circuit under the cliffs of the Jungfrau. The still longer and equally difficult ascent of the Jungfrau was effected from this side for the first time two years later.</p><br>
<p>The northwest ridge was first ascended in 1865 by the Rev. James John Hornby, Rev. Thomas Henry Philpot, with guides Christian and Ulrich Almer, Johann Bischof, and Christian Lauener.</p><br>
<p>In a 1968 letter, J. R. R. Tolkien identified the Silberhorn as it appeared to him when camping near Mürren in 1911 as "the Silvertine (Celebdil) of my dreams".</p><br>
<p>The Grosse Scheidegg is a mountain pass in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland, The pass crosses the col between the Schwarzhorn and the Wetterhorn mountains at an elevation of 1,962 m.</p><br>
<p>The pass is traversed by a road connecting the town of Meiringen, at an elevation of 595 m, with the village of Grindelwald, at an elevation of 1,034 m. The road is closed to most traffic, but is used by a PostBus Switzerland service from Grindelwald to the summit of the pass, with some buses continuing to Meiringen. Bus services operate between May and October, with between four and ten buses a day depending on time of year and section of the route. Hiking over the pass is popular, and it forms part of the cross-country Alpine Pass Route between Sargans and Montreux.</p><br>
<p>From the Meiringen side, the approach to the pass runs through the valley of the Reichenbach stream above the Reichenbach Falls, best known as the place of the last fight between Holmes and Moriarty. The falls can be visited from the pass road, or by using the Reichenbachfall Funicular from the valley bottom.</p><br>
<p>The Berghotel, a restaurant and hotel, is situated at the summit of the Grosse Scheidegg.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the coming of the railways and the introduction of tourism to the area, the Grosse Scheidegg provided access for local livestock and dairy farmers to the important export route to Italy over the Grimsel Pass. With the coming of the railways, the importance of the pass as a trade route disappeared, and the pass never achieved the level of tourist visitors achieved by its neighbour, the Kleine Scheidegg.</p><br>
<p>The John Adams Birthplace is a historic house at 133 Franklin Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is the saltbox home in which the second President of the United States, John Adams, was born in 1735. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now administered by the National Park Service as part of the Adams National Historical Park, and is open for guided tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description and early history</h2><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, sheathed in wooden clapboards. There are two main rooms, one on either side of a central chimney, on each of the two floors, and there are two further rooms in the lean to section on the first floor. The main facade is three bays wide with the entry in the center. The doorway is framed by pilasters and topped by an entablature and triangular pediment.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the house sits was first owned by William Needham, who built a house on the property c. 1650. According to dendrochronological analysis, "the front part of the (present) house was built in 1722, or shortly thereafter by Deacon John Adams. President John Adams refers to the fact that his father built the house in a letter to Dr. Benjamin Rush of July 19, 1812. The framing of the east side incorporates a number of reused timbers dating to the 1670s." John, the oldest son of Deacon John Adams, Sr., was born in the east room in 1735.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>Upon the Deacons death in 1761, the house passed to his second son, Peter; the younger John received the house next door, where John Quincy Adams was born to John and Abigail Adams in 1767. Peter lived in the house with his mother until 1768, when he married. In 1774 he sold the house to his brother John, who rented it out after their mother died in 1780. In 1803 John sold both houses to his son, who lived in the house of his birth, and rented this one out. The house was occupied from 1810 to 1818 by John Quincy Adams son, Thomas Boylston Adams.</p><br>
<p>Both houses remained in Adams family ownership, and were rented out until 1885, when most of the surrounding farmland was sold off. After sitting vacant, Charles Francis Adams, Jr. authorized the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution to use the house as meeting space. This they did until the chapter folded in 1950. The Adamses sold the house to the City of Quincy in 1940, which turned administration of the property over to the Quincy Historical Society (which had earlier taken over the adjacent house) in 1950. The two houses are now part of Adams National Historical Park, and are administered by the National Park Service. They are open for guided tours.</p><br>
<p>The John Quincy Adams Birthplace is a historic house at 141 Franklin Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is the saltbox home in which the sixth United States President, John Quincy Adams, was born in 1767. The family lived in this home during the time John Adams helped found the United States with his work on the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolutionary War. His own birthplace is only 75 ft away, on the same property.</p><br>
<p>Both houses are National Historic Landmarks, and part of Adams National Historical Park, operated by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<h2>Construction history</h2><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame saltbox style house, sheathed in wooden clapboards. There are two main rooms, one on either side of a central chimney, on each of the two floors, and there are two further rooms in the lean-to section on the first floor. The main facade is three bays wide with the entry in the center. The doorway is framed by pilasters and topped by an entablature and triangular pediment. A similarly-treated entrance is located at the southeast corner of the building.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1717, with the rear lean-to added later. This house was purchased in 1744 by Deacon John Adams, and was probably enlarged by him, adding the rooms on the other side of the chimney. He gave the house to his son, the future second president, in 1761. The younger John Adams moved into the house in 1764; it was around this time that the leanto was added, as well as the door trim and the secondary entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>John and Abigail Adams made the house their home until 1783, after which it was rented to tenants. John Quincy Adams purchased both this house and the neighboring birthplace of his father in 1803, and lived in this house from 1805 to 1807. The houses were rented to tenants until 1885, at which time much of the surrounding land was sold off. In 1895 Charles Francis Adams, Jr. authorized the Quincy Historical Society to use the house as its headquarters. The house was sold to the City of Quincy in 1940, which continued to rent it to the Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>On December 19, 1960, the birthplace was designated a National Historic Landmark. The border of the national historic landmark includes both houses and a park area. The two houses are now part of the Adams National Historical Park, and are operated by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The elder Adams&#39; later mansion, called Peacefield, is a few miles away, as are the graves of both presidents and their wives in the United First Parish Church. The Abigail Adams Cairn, atop a nearby hill from which Abigail and the 7-year old John Quincy Adams watched the Battle of Bunker Hill and the burning of Charlestown, is also of interest. All are open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The home was prominently portrayed during the first few episodes of John Adams, a 2008 American miniseries.</p><br>
<p>United First Parish Church is a Unitarian Universalist congregation in Quincy, Massachusetts, established as the parish church of Quincy in 1639. The current building was constructed in 1828 by noted Boston stonecutter Abner Joy to designs by Alexander Parris. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 30, 1970, for its association with the Adams family, who funded its construction and whose most significant members are interred here.</p><br>
<p>It is called the Church of the Presidents because two American Presidents, John Adams and John Quincy Adams, attended the church along with their wives, Abigail Adams and Louisa Catherine Adams. All four are interred beneath the church in a family crypt. The pew in which they sat is marked with a plaque and ribbon on the side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation first gathered in 1636 as a branch of the church in Boston, becoming an independent church in 1639, known simply as "Ye Church of Braintry," because the whole area was then known as Braintree. It was a Puritan congregationalist church when first established, but since the mid-18th century has been Unitarian, in spirit if not in name.</p><br>
<p>The 1828 church is constructed of locally quarried granite, and is one of the finest Greek Revival church buildings in New England. It has a Greek temple front, supported by four monolithic granite columns which may have been the largest set in the United States at the time. Each column is 25 ft tall and weighs an estimated 25 tons. Above the main facade rises a two-stage tower. Its lower section is oblong and unadorned, while the second stage is stepped back and square. It has clock faces on each side, and is topped by an open cupola with eight columns and a dome.</p><br>
<p>President John Adams financed the church&#39;s construction through a land donation, and the bulk of the granite comes from the Adams family quarry. However, the pillars are from another local quarry, as the Adams quarry was not deep enough for a full-height pillar. Its original bell was cast by Paul Revere, but was melted down and recast as it was not loud enough to serve as a fire alarm. The unusual domed ceiling represents a passion flower surrounded by lotuses. The fine mahogany altar is original.</p><br>
<p>Both John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams, together with their first ladies, are buried in a family vault in the church&#39;s basement. Only one other church in the United States contains a presidential tomb: the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., where the remains of President Woodrow Wilson are interred.</p><br>
<p>The Crystal Mill, or the Old Mill is an 1892 wooden powerhouse located on an outcrop above the Crystal River in Crystal, Colorado, United States. It is accessible from Marble, Colorado via 4x4. Although called a mill, it is more correctly denoted as a compressor station, which used a water turbine to drive an air compressor. The compressed air was then used to power other machinery or tools.</p><br>
<h2>Names</h2><br>
<p>In the 21st century, the mill is usually called the Crystal Mill or the Old Crystal Mill. Many decades ago, when the mill was still in use, it was called the Sheep Mountain Power House at the Lost Horse Millsite, or simply the Lost Horse Mill. Sometimes it is erroneously called the Dead Horse Mill.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mill was constructed in 1893 by George C. Eaton and B.S. Phillips, promoters of the Sheep Mountain Tunnel and Mining Company. It was built as a power plant for the Sheep Mountain Tunnel. Originally it had a horizontal waterwheel which generated compressed air for miners in the nearby silver mines. It fell into disuse in 1917 when the Sheep Mountain Mine closed. The mill was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Quincy House, located at 20 Muirhead Street in the Wollaston neighborhood of Quincy, Massachusetts, was the country home of Revolutionary War soldier Colonel Josiah Quincy I, the first in a line of six illustrious Josiah Quincys that included three Boston mayors and a president of Harvard University.</p><br>
<p>Having inherited the land from father Edmund, Josiah built his mansion on a 200 acre farm called the "Lower Farm," which had been in the family since 1635. The house was built in 1770 and was originally surrounded by fields and pasture overlooking Quincy Bay. It is constructed with an unusual hipped monitor roof, the oldest known example of this roof style to survive from the original colonies, and includes a Chinese fretwork balustrade and classical portico. Its attic contains four small rooms for servants, one with a fireplace.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolution, Quincy aided General George Washington by observing the British fleet in Boston Harbor from his attic windows. He scratched on a pane of glass in the attic, “October 10, 1775 Governor Gage saild for England with a fair wind.” That glass pane has been preserved and now on view in the front hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, the house and some adjoining properties were sold to Frank E. Hall of Boston. In 1937, Edward R. Hall arranged for the Josiah Quincy House to become the property of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. The house is now owned by Historic New England, a non-profit historical organization, and is open only four Saturdays a year and by special appointment. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997 for its architectural significance and for its association with the Quincy family.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Crane Public Library  is a city library in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is noted for its architecture. It was funded by the Crane family as a memorial to Thomas Crane, a wealthy stone contractor who got his start in the Quincy quarries. The Thomas Crane Library has the second largest municipal collection in Massachusetts after the Boston Public Library.</p><br>
<p>In fiscal year 2008, the city of Quincy spent 1.41% ($2,690,878) of its budget on the library—some $29 per person.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas Crane Public Library was built in four stages: the original building (1882) by architect H. H. Richardson; an additional ell with stack space and stained glass (1908) by William Martin Aiken in Richardsons style; a major expansion (1939) by architects Paul A. and Carroll Coletti, with stone carvings by sculptor Joseph A. Coletti of Quincy; and a recent addition (2001) by Boston architects Childs, Bertman, and Tseckares, which doubled the size of the library. H. H. Richardson considered this library among his most successful civic buildings, and Harpers Weekly called it "the best village library in the United States". The library was ranked 43rd in a national poll conducted in 2007 by the American Institute of Architects of the favorite buildings in the nation.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its architecture, the original building contains a 30 × 10 inch stained glass window by noted American artist John LaFarge in memory of Thomas Crane, entitled the Old Philosopher. To the left of the elaborate carved fireplace is a second LaFarge window, "Angel at the Tomb", given in memory of Cranes son Benjamin Franklin Crane. The librarys grounds were designed by landscaper Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<p>The main library was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987, recognizing it as one of Richardson&#39;s finest library buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Branches</h2><br>
<p>The Wollaston Branch is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. The library had two other branches as of October 2009: the North Quincy Branch on Hancock Street near North Quincy High School, and the Adams Shore branch on Sea Street in Hough&#39;s Neck. There had been four other branches until municipal budget cutbacks in 1981; two of these were the Atlantic Branch on Atlantic Street and the Quincy Point branch off of Washington Street.</p><br>
<h2>Community</h2><br>
<p>The library often hosts concerts, lectures and art exhibitions. There are also private rooms available for rent free of charge to the public or to small community organizations. Also, the library hosts Quincy&#39;s local Public-access television cable TV channel, QATV.</p><br>
<p>Skiatook Lake is a federally-owned and operated reservoir located in Osage County, Oklahoma, 4 mi west of the town of Skiatook, 11 mi east of Hominy, Oklahoma and about 18 mi from Tulsa. The Skiatook Dam is located on Hominy Creek, 14 miles upstream of the confluence of Hominy and Bird Creeks. The project purposes include flood control, water quality, water supply, recreation, and fish and wildlife management. The cities of Skiatook, Sand Springs, Sapulpa, and Tulsa use Skiatook Lake as a municipal water supply. Gentle rolling hills of Blackjack and Post Oak interspersed with Tallgrass prairie surround the lake. The lake is under the management of the USA Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa District.</p><br>
<h2>Size</h2><br>
<p>At elevation 714 ft above sea level, the lake has a flat surface area of about 10,500 acres and 160 miles of shoreline. At normal levels the lake contains 322,700 acre.ft of water. Skiatook Lake is the fifteenth largest lake in Oklahoma in surface area and the eleventh largest in capacity (acre-feet). (See List of lakes in Oklahoma)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Skiatook Dam and Lake were authorized for construction by the Flood Control Act approved October 23, 1962 (87th Congress). It is one of five projects in the Bird Creek Basin plan recommended to meet the comprehensive water resources needs of the area. The total cost of the project was approximately $120 million. Land acquisition started in 1973. Construction began in May 1977 and was completed in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation and Camping</h2><br>
<p>The shoreline is accentuated by steep bluffs. Boating, hiking, swimming, camping, picnicking as well as hunting and fishing are all popular activities at the lake. Marina facilities, including boat slip rentals, fuel sales, and cabin rentals, are provide at Crystal Bay Marina and CrossTimbers Marina."</p><br>
<p>Sport fishing is very popular and Skiatook Lake has several annual fishing tournaments. Largemouth, smallmouth and striped bass, black and white crappie, channel catfish, and several species of sunfish, or lake perch, are plentiful."</p><br>
<p>White-tail deer, rabbit, squirrel, opossum, raccoon, quail, dove and many more bird species are plentiful around the lake. Bald eagles are commonly observed. Coyote, red fox, gray fox and bobcat are also present.</p><br>
<p>About 1,800 acres (7.3 km²) of land around the lake have been set aside for public use areas. These areas provide roads, parking spaces, boat ramps, nature trails, picnicking and camping sites along with sanitary facilities. There are several places open to camping, including Tall Chief Cove, Bull Creek and Twin Points campgrounds. Other parks on the lake include Blackdog Park, Osage Park, Quapaw Park, Hominy Landing and Skiatook Point.</p><br>
<p>John Zink Boy Scout camp is located along the southern shores of Skiatook Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>There are several annual events held on Skiatook Lake, including many fishing tournaments. In July, the annual "Fantasy in the Sky" celebration is held at the airport (was at Tall Chief Cove), attracting around 35,000 people from all over Oklahoma. It features live concerts and fireworks at dusk, set to music. The Skiatook Chamber of Commerce also sponsors many events on the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife Management Area</h2><br>
<p>The Skiatook Wildlife Management Area (WMA) encompasses about 5,000 acres of land around the upper end of the lake, including about 1,800 acres of water. The WMA is administered by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Management.</p><br>
<h2>CrossTimbers Resort and the National Federal Demonstration Lakes Program</h2><br>
<p>Skiatook Lake was one of 31 federally-managed reservoirs selected to participate in a National Federal Demonstration Lakes program in response a report of the National Recreation Lakes Study Commission created by Congress and appointed by President Clinton in 1998. The district recommended Skiatook Lake for inclusion in the national demonstration program because of its undeveloped recreation potential. Through the program, the district sought to identify sponsors who would be willing to make financial investments to bring new and improved recreation opportunities to the lake. In 2003 the Corps entered into a multi-year no-cost public parks and recreation lease with the Skiatook Economic Development Authority (SEDA) for implementation of a development plan for 700 acres of public land in the Tall Chief Cove and Skiatook Point areas. Through sub-leases, SEDA has developed an area known as CrossTimbers Marina and Resort. As of 2016 amenities included a commercial marina with 450 slips, boat sales, rental and repair services, rental cabins, a restaurant, The Springs Event Center and an improved overlook area. The lease also includes plans for development of a golf course and additional public camping and RV facilities at Skiatook Point.</p><br>
<p>Wabamun Lake  is one of the most heavily used lakes in Alberta, Canada. It lies 65 km west of Edmonton, Alberta. It is 19.2 km long and 6.6 km narrow, covers 82 km&sup2; and is 11 meters deep at its deepest, with somewhat clear water.</p><br>
<p>Its name derives from the Cree word for mirror.</p><br>
<p>Wabamun was reputedly the best whitefish lake in the Edmonton area and is well known for its large northern pike. A large variety of migrating, breeding and moulting wildfowl visit the lake. Beaver and muskrat use the lake while the surrounding upland supports coyotes, porcupine, moose and white-tailed deer. There are also reported sightings of cougars and wolves and bears. Alberta Fish and Wildlife has confirmed that there have been wolf kills of cattle and sheep near Isle Lake (just northwest of Wabamun Lake). There are natural beaches along much of the shoreline, but emergent vegetation restricts their use. The most popular beaches for swimming are the artificially made one at the provincial park in Moonlight Bay, and the natural one at Seba Beach. There are numerous recreational cottages along its shores. Several communities line the north shore of the lake, the largest being the Village of Wabamun. Rich coal deposits surrounding the lake have been mined by TransAlta for power plants it operates and that are cooled by lake water.</p><br>
<h2>Communities</h2><br>
<p>The Summer Village of Lakeview, the Village of Wabamun, the Summer Village of Point Alison, and the Hamlet of Fallis are located on Wabamun Lake&#39;s north shore. The Summer Village of Seba Beach is located on the western shore of the lake, while the Summer Village of Betula Beach is located on the southern shore. Much of the other land on the southern shore is owned by TransAlta Utilities and used to mine coal for power generation. The Wabamun No. 133A Indian reserve, home of the Paul First Nation, and the Summer Village of Kapasiwin are located on the eastern shore of Wabamun Lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Development of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway greatly stimulated the local economy. Commercial fisheries used the railway to carry fish by box car to as far away as New York City. Seba Beach, a community at the lake&#39;s western edge, had a whitefish cannery, but this eventually shut down; the vacant building remains in the village. The railway urged summer tourists to visit from Edmonton. In winter, ice was cut to supply railway refrigeration cars. Coal was transported to a power generating plant in Edmonton, then later used for several power plants on the Wabamun Lake shore.</p><br>
<h3>Ecological damage</h3><br>
<p>Intensive exploitation of lake resources and habitat destruction resulted in marked decrease in fish production so that commercial operations were halted and recreational fishing is presently limited to catch and release. Years of construction activity on the lake&#39;s limited watershed resulted in lowered water levels. Heavy metals (aluminium, chromium, arsenic, and copper) dissolved in the water as a result of coal burning were deemed to be at acceptable levels, but metals in sediment and mercury in larger pike were found to be excessive. TransAlta responded with measures to reduce metal and thermal pollution, and the Wabamun power plant was decommissioned and torn down. As a result of the Canadian National Railway oil spill, fish from the lake are not recommended for consumption. Walleye have not been seen in the lake since the early 1900s when they were fished out. Several attempts to restock walleye in the lake failed because the Wabamun power plant (built in the 1950s) discharged its heated cooling water into the lake, keeping that portion of the lake clear of ice. Walleye would spawn in the warm water weeks prior to their normal spawning time and the hatchlings did not survive when they could not find enough food in the still-cold portions of the lake. After closure of the Wabamun power plant in 2010, Alberta Fish and Wildlife attempted another stocking of walleye, and this one appears to have been successful. Walleye are reproducing and so are their young. TransAlta no longer uses the lake for any of its operations.</p><br>
<h3>Oil spill</h3><br>
<p>At 5:40 a.m. on August 3, 2005, 43 cars of a Canadian National (CN) freight train derailed near the Whitewood Sands subdivision, spilling up to 1.3 million litres (286,000 Imp gallons or 343,000 US gallons) of heavy bunker C fuel oil. An estimated 734,000 litres (161,500 Imp gal/194,000 US gal) of the thick, dark material was spread by high winds across 8 km of the surface of Wabamun Lake.</p><br>
<p>Volunteers soon began placing booms and absorbent material to protect the shoreline, and brought 230 oil-slicked birds and other wildlife to the Wabamun area for rescue.</p><br>
<p>One hundred Wabamun Lake residents took part in a five-hour blockade of the CN tracks in protest against what they felt was insufficient action by the railway in cleaning up the spill. The province of Alberta then issued an environmental protection order to ensure that the cleanup proceed.</p><br>
<p>It was not until four days after the derailment that CN revealed that a "hazardous chemical" had spilled into the lake in addition to the bunker C fuel oil. Residents were told to stop cleaning wildlife and to completely avoid all lake water and well water, even for watering gardens and lawns. The 700,000 litres (154,000 Imp gal/185,000 US gal) of Imperial Pole Treating Oil that had escaped from a ruptured, derailed tank car contained naphthalene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed as "highly toxic" and suspected of being carcinogens.</p><br>
<p>Further outrage and condemnation have come against CN for not informing the community earlier of the hazard before many people, including children, were avoidably exposed. The provincial government is weighing demands that it institute criminal charges against CN officers for the delay.</p><br>
<p>CN released a statement on October 18, 2005, that estimates the railroad&#39;s financial obligation for cleanup from the spill to cost an estimated $28 million, with remaining costs covered by insurance.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 2006 after the ice melted off the lake additional clean up operations had to begin as tar balls began to surface.</p><br>
<p>On May 25, 2009, CN plead guilty to three charges related to the oil spill. The company, along with federal and provincial prosecutors, made a joint submission for fines totaling $1.4 million.</p><br>
<p>As of 2016, the lake has returned to near its pre-oil-spill condition. Water quality is good and the Alberta Health has lifted its ban on eating fish. However, Alberta Environment and Parks still maintains a zero catch limit on all species of fish, presumably to protect the growing walleye population and the recovering lake white fish stocks.</p><br>
<h3>Unauthorized development</h3><br>
<p>In January 2012, Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development received a complaint about land being cleared and stripped near Fallis. An investigation revealed that trees adjacent to the lakeshore had been removed risking significant erosion of sediment into the lake. Uncontrolled erosion can increase the risk of eutrophication in lakes, which in turn can result in the formation of blue-green algae blooms.</p><br>
<p>Samco Developments was issued an order by the Government of Alberta in October 2012 pursuant to the Water Act to cease its unauthorized activities. The government also ordered Samco Developments and its directors to re-contour the land and replant vegetation to minimize sediment entering the lake. In a previous incident, Samco Developments was fined for using public land without authorization pursuant to the Public Lands Act.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>The Naviglio della Martesana  is a canal in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. Running from the Adda river, in the vicinity of Trezzo sull&#39;Adda, to Milan, it was also known as Naviglio Piccolo . It is part of the system of navigli of the Milan area.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 38 kilometres long, with a substantial section covered over or infilled, its width varies between 9 and 18 metres, while the depth is between one and three metres.</p><br>
<p>Originally named Naviglio Piccolo, it subsequently changed to Martesana from the name of the county across which it runs.</p><br>
<p>Along the way it crosses the boundaries of the villages of Trezzo sullAdda, Vaprio dAdda, Cassano dAdda, Inzago, Bellinzago Lombardo, Gessate, Gorgonzola, Bussero, Cassina de Pecchi, Cernusco sul Naviglio and Vimodrone, and gives the name Martesana to all this area.</p><br>
<p>The canal enters Milan alongside Via Padova until Cassina de Pomm: at the junction with Via Melchiorre Gioia it disappears underground following the route of Via Melchiorre Gioia itself southwards. In the past it would have passed through the Fossa dellIncoronata and the Laghetto di San Marco to connect with the Fossa Interna (or Inner Ring). Today, after merging with the river Seveso, the underground course becomes the Cavo Redefossi in the vicinity of Porta Nuova, runs under the cerchia dei bastioni to Porta Romana, follows Corso Lodi and Via Emilia, finally ending up in the River Lambro.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The project and the start of construction</h3><br>
<p>The history of the canal begins on June 3, 1443, date of a document by Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, approving an ambitious project put forward by a group of illustrious Milanese citizens led by Catellano Cotta, the dukes administrator for the salt monopoly. The project aims to deviate the River Adda and thus build a canal for irrigation and to feed up to 16 mill wheels. The design included a water intake positioned just below the castle of Trezzo sullAdda, where the natural course of the river narrows, therefore producing a current sufficient to guarantee a constant flow of water. The canal was to run alongside the river until Cassano d&#39;Adda, where it would curve away in a south-westerly direction towards Milan, then hug the town walls of Inzago, turn towards Trecella and Melzo, and finally end up in the River Molgora.</p><br>
<p>Because of the political situation of the time, nothing happened until 1457, when Francesco Sforza&#39;s edict, underwritten by Cicco Simonetta, marked the start of design work. The project was seen as being of great public benefit: since the war between Milan and Venice, Sforza had realised the military and economic potential of a navigable canal in an area that, at the time, was considered to be of strategic importance to the dukedom. So he modified the original project, to put it into a wider context giving the city of Milan a water connection to the Rivers Adda and Ticino.</p><br>
<p>It was constructed by the engineer Bertola de Nova (1410–75) and inaugurated in 1465 by Bianca Maria Sforza.</p><br>
<p>Today it is a popular recreational area, known for its tranquil and traffic free cycling paths.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>No known publications in English, but a mention can be found on p. 34–35 of Hadfield&#39;s World Canals, 1986.</p><br>
<p>For an Italian bibliography see the Italian version of this article on the Italian Wikipedia.</p><br>
<p>The William Cullen Bryant Homestead is the boyhood home and later summer residence of William Cullen Bryant , one of America&#39;s foremost poets and newspaper editors. The 155 acre estate is located at 205 Bryant Road in Cummington, Massachusetts, currently operated by the non-profit Trustees of Reservations, and open to the public on weekends in summer and early fall. An admission fee is charged.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Homestead was originally built in 1783 by Bryants grandfather, Ebenezer Snell. It is set on a hillside above the Westfield River valley with views of the Hampshire Hills. The early form of the house appears to have been a Dutch Colonial gambrel of 1.5 stories, with a single story ell attached to the rear. Bryants father, Peter Bryant, purchased the property in 1799, and it is in this place that Bryant spent much of his childhood and early life. The future poet moved in at age four and remained there until he was 22.</p><br>
<p>Bryant briefly attended Williams College but called his education there "meager and slight" and left after only seven months, returning to the family Homestead in May 1811. After private study, he was admitted to the bar in 1815 and practiced law in nearby Plainfield, Massachusetts. He would walk seven miles from home to work every day. It was on one of these commutes, in December 1815, that he saw a single bird flying on the horizon and was inspired to write his poem "To a Waterfowl".</p><br>
<p>The property was sold out of the family in 1835. Bryant bought back the family home in 1865 and renovated it extensively. He had the original building raised up, and built a whole new first floor underneath it. He also had added to the building a replica of his father&#39;s office, and later added a major addition to the northwest side of the house. Bryant was also responsible for planting the property with fruit trees.</p><br>
<p>Several of Bryant&#39;s poems are inspired by his time in Cummington, particularly in the landscape that surrounded it, including "Lines on Revisiting the Country", "The Rivulet", and "Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood".</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The property remained owned by members of the Bryant family until 1929, when it was donated by the poets granddaughter to The Trustees of Reservations. The house is filled with Bryants furnishings and mementoes. The site includes a stand of old-growth forest, a grove of 150 ft pine trees, and nearly 200-year-old sugar maple trees.</p><br>
<p>Adams Lake is a large, deep, coldwater lake. The southern end of the lake is approximately 30 km north of the town of Chase in the Shuswap Country region of British Columbia, Canada. The lake&#39;s upper reaches lie in the northern Monashee Mountains, while its lower end penetrates the Shuswap Highland.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 63 km long and between 1.6 km and 3.2 km (1 to 2 miles) wide. The surface elevation is 404 meters (1,326 feet) above sea level. The lake is very deep; it is the second deepest lake in British Columbia next to Quesnel Lake with a maximum depth of 500 meters (1500 feet). Water flows into the lake though many tributaries (most notably the Upper Adams River, Momich River, and Bush Creek). The water drains from the lake into the Lower Adams River which is home to a very large and famous sockeye salmon run which attracts many visitors to the region each year. From there the water flows into Shuswap Lake, and down the Thompson River.</p><br>
<p>Though a few villages exist along Adams Lake, the vast majority of the lake is undeveloped. The lack of development is partially due to the nature of the shoreline, which is mostly sheer rock faces or steep, stony beaches. Few recreationally suitable beaches exist naturally on the lake. Some man-made sandy beaches have been constructed for public use. (see "Adams Lake Provincial Park")</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chief Adam (sometimes spelled Atahm) was a prominent Secwepemc chief in the mid-nineteenth century. By most accounts, the lake is named after him. Adam died in the 1862 smallpox epidemic, which, according to James Teit, killed over half the local Secwepemc population.</p><br>
<p>Adams Lake has been the site of two Secwepemc blockades, one in solidarity with the Kanesatake Mohawk in 1990, and the other in the summer of 1995, to prevent the development of a 60-unit recreational vehicle park on Secwepemc burial ground.</p><br>
<p>The north end of Adams Lake is called Mumix in the Shuswap language.</p><br>
<h2>Forestry</h2><br>
<p>Forestry forms the economic base for the region. Unpaved logging roads, which provide the only land access, run the full length of the lake. At the south end of the lake operates a saw mill. The logs for which are harvested further up the lake, deposited into the lake near the Momich River by a large crane. The logs are then floated down the lake to the mill in log booms drawn by tug boats. It is a common sight to see these log booms anchored in wait at lakeside.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Adams Lake is used for recreation year round. Sport anglers commonly fish the lake for Rainbow Trout, Kokanee, Lake trout, and Bull Trout. The lake is also used for swimming, pleasure boating and water skiing. The area around the lake is popular with campers and is home to a large variety of flora and fauna. During autumn and winter people hunt for game birds and big game such as mule deer, black bear, and cougar (mountain lion).</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Average Hours of Sunshine: 2,000+ per year</p><br>
<p>Average Rainfall: 304.7 mm (11 in) annually</p><br>
<p>Average Snowfall: 139.8 cm (55 in) in the valleys. Up to 644 cm (253.5 in) on the mountains</p><br>
<p>Frost Free Days: 120–175 days annually</p><br>
<p>Average maximum temperature (summer): 28.4 °C (84 °F) Average minimum temperature (winter): -8.8 °C (16 °F)</p><br>
<p>The Colonel John Ashley House is a historic house museum at 117 Cooper Hill Road in Sheffield, Massachusetts. Built in 1735 by a prominent local leader, it is one of the oldest houses in southern Berkshire County. The museum is owned and operated by The Trustees of Reservations, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ashley House stands in a rural area of central southern Sheffield, on the south side of Cooper Hill Road west of the village of Ashley Falls. The house stands on 35 acre historically associated with it, but is not on its original site, having been moved 3/10 of a mile in 1930 to improve its siting relative to the road and associated outbuildings. The property is adjacent to Bartholomew&#39;s Cobble, a nature preserve also owned by The Trustees of Reservations.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side-gable roof and central chimney. A 2-1/2 story cross-gabled ell extends to the rear, also with a chimney. The exterior is finished in wooden clapboards. The main facade is five bays wide, with an elaborate central doorway surround. Pilasters rise to a wide entablature capped by a broken pediment.</p><br>
<p>The house is typical of early 18th century rural American architecture, with furnishings and items dating from the 18th and early 19th centuries. It is open for tours on weekends from Memorial Day through Columbus Day.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1735 by John Ashley, who moved to the area from Westfield. The house timbers were sawn using the first sawmill known to have been built in Berkshire County. Ashley was a leading citizen of the area, heading the local militia during the French and Indian War. In 1773 the Sheffield Declaration, a petition against British tyranny and manifesto for individual rights, was drafted in the upstairs study of the house.</p><br>
<p>By the American Revolutionary War, Ashley was too old to participate militarily, but he was instrumental in developing the iron industry in nearby Salisbury, Connecticut for the war effort.</p><br>
<p>In 1781, Elizabeth "Mum Bett" Freeman, a slave in the Ashley household, won her freedom under the new state constitution through a celebrated 1781 state court battle that marked the end of slavery in the state.</p><br>
<p>Kokanee Lake is one of over 30 alpine lakes located in British Columbia&#39;s Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park. The lake is approximately 1,200 m long and 400 m wide, at an elevation of 1,981 m  and located at the head of Kokanee Creek. It is fed by the Kokanee Glacier and is the headwater of Kokanee Creek. Access is by the Gibson Lake trailhead, from which Kokanee Lake is a 4 km hike. Fishing is permitted and the lake is usually stocked with cutthroat trout.</p><br>
<h2>Michel Trudeau avalanche accident</h2><br>
<p>On November 13, 1998, Michel Trudeau, son of the former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and younger brother of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, drowned following an avalanche accident that swept him into Kokanee Lake. In spite of an extensive search, his body was never recovered from the lake. The Kokanee Glacier Cabin was built on the shore of Kaslo Lake to commemorate him and 12 others who died as a result of avalanches in the park.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ouray is a high and prominent mountain summit in the far southern Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 4,255.4 m thirteener is located in San Isabel National Forest, 12.0 km west  of Poncha Pass, Colorado, United States, on the boundary between Chaffee and Saguache counties. The mountain was named in honor of Ute Chief Ouray.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Mount Ouray makes up the southern tip of Sawatch Mountains, rising 7,000 feet above the Arkansas River Valley. Monarch Pass is four miles northwest of the peak.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is named after the Ute Chief Ouray. Nearby Mount Chipeta, just over a mile to the northwest of Mount Ouray, is named after Chief Ouray&#39;s wife.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>The standard route is the west ridge. Starting at Marshall Pass, the route heads north along the Continental Divide until the west ridge of Mount Ouray is reached. From there, one can hike east along this ridge up to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Historical names</h2><br>
<p>Hump Mountain</p><br>
<p>Mount Ouray – 1962</p><br>
<p>Ouray Mountain</p><br>
<p>Ouray Peak – 1906 (there is a different Ouray Peak in northern Chaffee County)</p><br>
<p>Mincio  is a river in the Lombardy region of northern Italy.</p><br>
<p>The river is the main outlet of the Lake Garda. It is a part of the Sarca-Mincio river system which also includes the river Sarca and the Lake Garda. The river starts from the south-eastern tip of the lake at the town of Peschiera del Garda and then flows from there for about 65 km past Mantua and into the Po River.</p><br>
<p>At Mantua the Mincio was widened in the late 12th century, forming a series of three (originally four) lakes that skirt the edges of the old city. The original settlement here, dating from about 2000 BC, was on an island in the Mincio.</p><br>
<p>The former lower part of the course of the Mincio flowed into the Adriatic Sea near Adria until the breach at Cucca in 589, roughly following the course of the river that is currently known by the name of Canal Bianco; it had been a waterway from the sea to the lake until then.</p><br>
<p>In 452 CE, Attila the Hun received an embassy sent by the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III near this river. The Roman delegation was led by Pope Leo I. After this meeting, Attila withdrew from Italy.</p><br>
<p>Jacob&#39;s Pillow is a dance center, school and performance space located in Becket, Massachusetts, in the Berkshires. The organization is known for the oldest internationally acclaimed Summer dance festival in the United States. The facility also includes a professional school and extensive archives as well as year-round community programs. The facility itself was listed as a National Historic Landmark District in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Mission statement</h2><br>
<p>The Jacob’s Pillow mission is to support dance creation, presentation, education, and preservation; and to engage and deepen public appreciation and support for dance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of Jacobs Pillow in Becket, Massachusetts was originally settled in 1790 by the Carter family. Because of the zigzagging road leading to the hilltop property, it became known as "Jacobs Ladder", and a pillow-shaped rock on the property prompted the farm to acquire the name "Jacob&#39;s Pillow".</p><br>
<p>The farm was purchased in 1931 by modern dance pioneer Ted Shawn as a dance retreat. Shawn and his wife, Ruth St. Denis, led the highly regarded Denishawn Company, which had popularized dance forms rooted in theater and cultural traditions outside European ballet. They were influential in training a host of dance pioneers, including Martha Graham, Charles Weidman, Doris Humphrey, and Jack Cole.</p><br>
<p>Shawns objective was to establish a dance organization for American men. The early corps of his all-male company built many of the structures on the Jacobs Pillow campus. This effort came to an end in 1940 with the advent of the Second World War; Shawn&#39;s company disbanded and most of its members joined the military.</p><br>
<p>Significant debt forced Shawn to consider sale of the property. In 1940 he leased the property to dance teacher Mary Washington Ball, but her summer festival was also financially unsuccessful. British ballet stars Alicia Markova and Anton Dolin learned of Shawn&#39;s financial difficulties, and decided to acquire the property. With financial backing and fundraising support from millionaire Reginald Wright, $50,000 was raised to purchase the property and construct a theater building. The summer dance festival was revived, and Shawn was retained as its director until his death in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the Jacobs Pillow property was declared a National Historic Landmark District by the federal government as "an exceptional cultural venue that holds value for all Americans." It is the only dance entity in the USA to receive this honor. In March 2011, Jacobs Pillow was named a recipient of the 2010 National Medal of Arts, a national award of distinction.</p><br>
<h2>The Festival</h2><br>
<p>The Pillow presents international dance in many forms, styles, and traditions, and approximately 200 free events each season, including performances, lectures, tours, films, exhibits, and talks with artists from all over the world, culminating in approximately 80,000 visitors annually.</p><br>
<p>Pillow founder Ted Shawn was instrumental in beginning the careers of Martha Graham and Jack Cole, and the Pillow has continued this mentoring role in the careers of artists such as Alvin Ailey, José Limón, and Mark Morris. Companies such as Dance Theatre of Harlem, the Parsons Dance Company, and Trey McIntyre Project made their debuts at the Pillow, and international groups such as The Royal Danish Ballet, Nederlands Dans Theatre, Black Grace and Hofesh Shechter Company have made their USA debuts here. World premieres have been commissioned from choreographers such as Merce Cunningham and Paul Taylor, and artists such as Margot Fonteyn and Mikhail Baryshnikov have been showcased in works.</p><br>
<p>Performances at Jacob&#39;s Pillow take place on three stages. The Ted Shawn Theatre has a capacity of 620 reserved seats. The Doris Duke Studio Theatre, built in 1990 as a flexible, experimental space, has 220 general admission seats. Talks by Pillow Scholars-in-Residence take place before every performance in these two theaters. Additionally, Post-Show Talks happen in the Ted Shawn Theatre on Thursdays and in the Doris Duke Studio Theatre on Fridays, giving audiences an opportunity to engage with artists in moderated Q&A sessions.</p><br>
<p>The third stage is Inside/Out, which presents free performances of established and emerging artists from all over the world in an informal, outdoor venue set against a panoramic vista of the Berkshire hills. Wednesdays preview the Doris Duke Studio Theatre artists, Thursdays and Fridays feature emerging artists, and Saturdays showcase the dancers of The School at Jacob&#39;s Pillow. Each performance at Inside/Out concludes with a Q&A session with the artists. Artist featured in Inside/Out include: Pilobolus Dance Theater, Nadine Bommer Dance Company, Reggie "Regg Roc" Gray, Michelle Dorrance with Dormeshia Sumbry-Edwards, Dušan Týnek Dance Theatre, Abarukas, Manuel Vignoulle, and Laurie M. Taylor.</p><br>
<p>Another facet of Jacobs Pillow’s ongoing educational efforts is the PillowTalk series, which covers the art of dance and artists performing each week through intimate panel discussions, interviews, film screenings, and book signings. Exhibits are free and open to the general public, as are The Archives, which offer the opportunity to view videos, read books, access the Pillows computer catalog, or view The Pillow&#39;s permanent collections of programs and photographs. Free historical walking tours are available to the public weekly during the summer.</p><br>
<h2>The School at Jacob's Pillow</h2><br>
<p>The School at Jacob&#39;s Pillow’s conservatory-style curriculum includes five programs: Ballet, Cultural Traditions, Contemporary Traditions, Jazz/Musical Theater, and Choreographers’ Lab. The dancers’ schedule includes six days each week with four professional-level studio classes each day, coaching sessions, weekly performances for the public, master classes with Festival artists, talks led by Scholars-in-Residence, study assignments in the Pillow’s rare and extensive Archives, and attendance at all Festival performances and events.</p><br>
<p>The School at Jacob&#39;s Pillow is known for its faculty. Faculty of The School at Jacob’s Pillow have included Susan Jaffe, Amanda McKerrow, Chet Walker, Nikolaj Hubbe, Anna-Marie Holmes, Milton Myers, Katherine Dunham, Rennie Harris, Matt Mattox, Soledad Barrio, Tim Rushton, Finis Jhung, Martin Santangelo, Mercedes Ellington, Stephanie Saland, Victor Plotnikov, Annie-B Parson, Paul Lazar, Aszure Barton, Helen Pickett, Banu Ogan, Mr. Wiggles, Marjory Smarth, Dana Moore, and Ric Ryder.</p><br>
<p>Alumni of The School include MacArthur Grant-winner Meredith Monk, choreographer Mia Michaels, former Alvin Ailey Dance Theater and Paul Taylor Dance Company principal Linda Kent, artistic director of the Royal Danish Ballet Nikolaj Hübbe, recent winner of FOX&#39;s television show So You Think You Can Dance, Joshua Allen, and Robert Swinston of Merce Cunningham Dance Company.</p><br>
<h2>Community programs</h2><br>
<p>Jacobs Pillows Community Dance Programs annually reach more than 3,000 Berkshire children, students, educators, special needs groups, continuing education adult learners, and dancers of all ages and levels of experience. The programs take place at the Pillow, in schools and other settings, and are designed to connect a wide range of participants with the intellectual, emotional, inspirational, as well as physical, world of dance.</p><br>
<p>Each year, Berkshire County students and teachers choreograph dances to explore topics required for mastery in academic classes, including science, math, history, and communication. The Jacob&#39;s Pillow Curriculum in Motion program, places Pillow artists in the classroom to develop and teach curricula that meet state and national arts and academic standards.</p><br>
<p>The Pillow partners with community organizations throughout Berkshire County to provide access to dance activities and learning from Festival artists and staff. A year-round partnership with the Railroad Street Youth Project promotes teen leadership and community involvement through the development of choreographic work. During the Festival, the Pillow partners with Berkshire Institute for Lifelong Learning; Elderhostel Programs; and the Boston Symphony Orchestra&#39;s Days In The Arts and Shakespeare & Co. Arts for All programs. The Pillow provides these groups with dance classes, guided tours, performance and School observation opportunities, and access to artists and staff.</p><br>
<h2>The archives</h2><br>
<p>The core collections preserved in the archives at Jacobs Pillow were originally assembled by founder Ted Shawn. Materials have been continually added since the 1930s by volunteers from the Pillow Board and staff. In 1991, Jacobs Pillow created the position of Director of Preservation to direct the activities and maintenance of the Archives. The Archives at Jacobs Pillow has approximately 6,000 films and videos from 1894 to present, 45,000 historic dance photos and negatives, 313,000 pages of unique printed materials, 27 trunks of costumes dating from 1915, and 2,000 books. The Archives is one component of the Pillows Preservation Program, which organizes exhibits exploring various aspects of dance, oversees issues concerning the National Historic Landmark site, and records the ongoing activities of the Festival.</p><br>
<p>The Archives is internationally recognized as a major repository of dance materials. Access to the research facility is open to the public year-round by appointment and is available during the summer season from noon until the end of each performance, six days a week. The Archives collection is electronically catalogued, and much of it is accessible through the Pillow&#39;s website.</p><br>
<p>Blake&#39;s Barn is an 18th-century structure that was relocated and reconfigured specifically for preservation activity. This facility was donated by stage and screen dancer/actress Marge Champion and is named in honor of her late son. In addition to a central area for exhibits and lectures, the building houses a reading room with video stations providing access to the moving image collection. The lower level contains temperature-controlled storage areas and video production equipment.</p><br>
<p>Jacobs Pillow remains at the forefront of the dance preservation field partly through its active participation in the Dance Heritage Coalition, an alliance of the countrys eight major dance collections including the Library of Congress, Harvard Theatre Collection, and the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. The Coalition is currently chaired by Norton Owen, the Pillow&#39;s longtime Director of Preservation.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Pillow was invited by the Nonprofit Finance Fund, with support from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, to participate in the five-year Leading for the Future: Innovative Support for Artistic Excellence Initiative. With this funding, the Archives’ resources can be used in ways that add context and deepen understanding about individual artists and dance traditions, and help audiences around the world understand new and evolving forms.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, Jacobs Pillow launched Jacobs Pillow Dance Interactive, an online resource of video clips curated from the Archives in Becket. The archive features performances that have taken place at the festival from 1937 to 2010, including footage rarely seen. This user-friendly free resource allows the user to browse dance footage by artist, genre, and era. The director of preservation, Norton Owen, curates the collection. Each entry includes a video clip, an informative paragraph describing the dancer/choreographer, and an artist portrait.</p><br>
<p>The Sheffield & Tinsley Canal is a canal in the City of Sheffield, England. It runs 3.9 mi from Tinsley, where it leaves the River Don, to the Sheffield Canal Basin  in the city centre, passing through 11 locks. The maximum craft length that can navigate this lock system is 61 ft with a beam of 15 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Sheffield is on the River Don, but the upper reaches of the river were not navigable. In medieval times, the goods from Sheffield had to be transported overland to the nearest inland port – Bawtry on the River Idle. Later, the lower reaches of the Don were made navigable, but boats could still not reach Sheffield. Proposals to link Sheffield to the navigable Don at Tinsley (and so to the Rivers Ouse and Trent, and to the Humber and the North Sea) were made as early as 1697, but these came to nothing.</p><br>
<h2>The nineteenth century</h2><br>
<p>In 1815, the Sheffield Canal Company was formed by Act of Parliament in order to construct a canal.</p><br>
<p>The surveyors recommended route was to leave the River Don at Jordans Lock, opposite where the "Holmes Cut" of the Don Navigation joins the river and follow the north side of the Don Valley to a basin "in or near Savile Street". When this was put forward the Duke of Norfolk&#39;s estate noted that it would preclude coal from their collieries at Tinsley Park and Manor reaching the canal and as the Duke was the largest financial backer of the project an alternative should be sought more favourable to their cause.</p><br>
<p>The alternative route was on the south side of the Don Valley, to terminate at a basin on the site of the former orchards of Sheffield Castle. This would require two series of locks, one, at Tinsley to raise the level from the river and a second, at Carbrook, to gain the necessary height for a level flow into the city centre. It was suggested that a short branch, known as "The Greenland Arm" should be built to afford access to Tinsley Park Collieries. Although the longer and more expensive option, the Duke&#39;s support meant that this route was the one for which parliamentary approval was sought.</p><br>
<p>The Act of Parliament was passed on 7 June 1815 with 182 subscribers, the Duke of Norfolk (2,000) and the Earl Fitzwilliam (1,000) being the largest contributors. The civil engineer William Chapman had prepared the plans, and he became the Engineer for the project, which would cost £76,000. The foundation stone of the canal basin was laid by Hugh Parker of Woodthorpe Hall on 16 June 1816 and all was ready for opening less than three years later.</p><br>
<h2>Opening</h2><br>
<p>When it opened on 22 February 1819 a general holiday was called and crowds of spectators, reportedly 60,000, gathered to watch the first boats, a flotilla of 10 arrive from Tinsley. Within the flotilla was one barge of coal brought from Handsworth Colliery – the first cargo to travel the canal.</p><br>
<h2>Early services</h2><br>
<p>By 1840 the city could boast a service second to none, services to Greasbrough ran in connection with the twice weekly "fly-boat", which itself ran in connection with the Hull and London steamers. Richard Preston & Company offered a "fly-boat" service to Thorne for onward transshipment, whilst the London and Sheffield Union Company offered a service "without transshipment" to the capital. Other services ran to Gainsborough (fortnightly) and Leeds (every three weeks). Only five years on and the first major change came about when William Cobby offered water transport from London to Hull and Selby with onward forwarding to Sheffield by rail.</p><br>
<h2>Canal wagonways</h2><br>
<p>From its earliest days the canal basin and the Greenland Arm were served by wagonways which brought coal from the many local collieries to the canal for onward shipment. The canal basin was served by lines connecting to the collieries on the Duke of Norfolk in the Manor area whilst the Greenland Arm was reached by lines from collieries in Tinsley Park and High Hazels.</p><br>
<h2>The coming of the railways</h2><br>
<p>In 1846 there was a move by the long titled Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley, Wakefield, Hull and Goole Railway to acquire the Sheffield Canal Company and provide itself with a city terminus. Before this deal could be completed the Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway came in with an offer which was accepted. The S.& L.J.R. became part of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway and on 22 July 1848 they became the owners of the canal. The canal was transferred to the River Dun Navigation Company by an Act of 28 July 1849 where it was joined by the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the Dearne and Dove Canal. After fusion with the South Yorkshire, Doncaster and Goole Railway it became the South Yorkshire Railway and River Dun Navigation Company. The South Yorkshire Railway passed to the M.S.& L.R. and they again became the canal&#39;s owners.</p><br>
<h2>Canal amalgamation</h2><br>
<p>In 1895 the Sheffield Canal was amalgamated with the River Don Navigation and the Stainforth & Keadby canal to form the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation. The following year the facilities at Sheffield were modernised and a new warehouse built straddling the basin.</p><br>
<h2>Post First World War and future plans</h2><br>
<p>The Government took control of the canals during the First World War and no maintenance was undertaken. After the war, in October 1918, the City Council and local business met and decided to press the Government to nationalise the canals and pay the costs of repairs. In principle they would be willing to contribute to "Free the canal of railway interference". In 1920 the Transport Committee of the City Council received several plans for the canal. Within the city these included the construction at Tinsley, adjacent to Tinsley station, of a new basin to serve the eastern side of Sheffield and to retain and improve the canal basin to serve the more general and lighter trades of the city centre. The City Council was unwilling to go ahead with these works without Government backing which was not forthcoming, however in 1925 a new grain silo was erected alongside the canal by, and for the use of Samuel Smith (Sheffield) Limited, based on Carlisle Street. Before this they had received the grain in sacks which were transferred by horse dray from the canal basin, the weight being such that an extra horse was added to haul the dray up Spital Hill to reach Carlisle Street.</p><br>
<p>In December 1940, lock 6 of the Tinsley flight was hit by a bomb dropped as part of the Second World War bombing campaign against British cities, and suffered considerable damage. A plaque nearby records the efforts of the workers who reconstructed the lock in difficult circumstances.</p><br>
<h2>Nationalisation and afterwards</h2><br>
<p>The canals, including the Sheffield Canal, were nationalised in 1948 but traffic, although many efforts were made, showed little increase and that only temporary. In 1960 the British Waterways Board informed the City Council that they intended to make Thrybergh the new waterhead, the site being alongside the proposed new British Steel Corporation&#39;s bar mill. In 1961 the BWB opened their new warehouse at Rotherham, almost opposite the confluence of the River Rother with the Don, and this became the waterhead.</p><br>
<h2>The end in sight</h2><br>
<p>In early July 1980 the Sheffield Canal received its first commercial cargo in 10 years but this was not a beginning, more a finale. Plans were put forward in the early 1980s by both the Sheffield City Council and British Waterways. The decision from the Environment Minister was eagerly awaited and it was not until the 1990s that the canal basin was restored and renamed Victoria Quays.</p><br>
<h2>Engineering</h2><br>
<p>There were originally twelve locks in the Tinsley flight, which rises 70 ft but in order to accommodate a new railway bridge, locks 7 and 8 were combined in 1959, with a single concrete chamber replacing both of them. The modern numbering scheme has locks 1 to 6, 7/8 and 9 to 12. Water for the top pound, and hence the locks, is pumped from a small building situated below Tinsley Viaduct. This originally housed a steam engine to drive the pumps, but this was replaced by a duty and standby 125 hp diesel engine in 1918. The pumps supply 3,500 gallons per minute (265 l/s) to an outlet near the top lock of the flight.</p><br>
<h2>Towpath</h2><br>
<p>In 2014, work was completed on improvements to the canal towpath; the Sheffield & Tinsley Canal Towpath Trail now forms part of a walking route, known as the Blue Loop, from Meadowhall Shopping Centre into Sheffield city centre, alongside the Five Weirs Walk which follows the River Don upstream into the city centre. The towpath also connects at Meadowhall with a walking route along the river and the canals of the River Don Navigation into Rotherham town centre.</p><br>
<h2>Canal on film</h2><br>
<p>The Sheffield & Tinsley Canal featured in the opening scene of the 1997 film The Full Monty. This clip was part of a Sheffield City Council publicity film entitled "Sheffield, City on the Move" made some 30 years before.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>Glenrock Lagoon, an intermediate freshwater small coastal creek, is located within the Lake Macquarie local government area in the Newcastle and Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia. The lake is located near the Newcastle suburbs of Adamstown and Dudley and is situated about 153 km north of Sydney.</p><br>
<h2>Features and location</h2><br>
<p>Drawing its catchment from Flaggy Creek within the Glenrock State Recreation Area and the Awabakal Nature Reserve, the small lagoon is quite shallow with an average depth of 2.4 m. The boundary of the lagoon is approximately 11 km, length (east to west) of 4.1 km and width varying from 0.6 km at the coast to 0.35 km in the centre.</p><br>
<p>There are 3 sub-catchments areas, Little Flaggy Creek in the north, Flaggy Creek in the centre and a small unnamed creek in the southeast. Two of the main tributaries are, Flaggy Creek (approx 4 km in length) and Little Flaggy Creek (also shown on some maps as Glenrock Creek). On a Map of the Parish of Kahibah dated 1887, Little Flaggy Creek was named "First Flaggy Creek" and Flaggy Creek was known as "Second Flaggy Creek".</p><br>
<p>The catchment has mainly clay soils. Dry and Swamp Sclerophyll Forest and Rainforest vegetation exists in the bush areas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glenrock Lagoon came into existence 6,000 years ago when the sea level stabilised after the last ice age. The Lagoon is a small body of water approx 900 m long and approx 100 m wide and covers an area of approx 8 hectare. This area does vary depending upon the water level. The water levels can vary as much as 2 m.</p><br>
<p>While the early European pioneers named it "Glenrock" because of the rugged nature of the glen, the area of Glenrock Lagoon was originally called Pillapay-Kullaitaran, meaning "The Valley of the Palms", because Cabbage Palm was common to the area. The Awabakal people are the traditional land owners of the area. Archaeological evidence has been found to date a campsite at Swansea Heads at 7,800 years, (Dept of Lands 1990). The remains of a tool making site mark the location of communal gatherings at the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>The first coal discovered in Australia must be given to the escaped convicts William & Mary Bryant on their journey to Timor. They were the first Europeans to set foot in the area, discovering coal near the entrance to Glenrock Lagoon on 30 March 1791. They named it Fortunate Creek because they found food there and friendly Aborigines. However, the news did not get back to Sydney and it was Lieut John Shortland R. N. who received credit for the discovery of coal in Newcastle on 9 September 1797. Even today, coal can still be found in the cliff face on the northern headland at the mouth of Glenrock Lagoon.</p><br>
<p>In a letter dated 12 October 1842, to W. Kirchner of Sydney, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt describes a walk through the valley on his way from Newcastle to Redhead via Charlestown. On this walk he described the view of the lagoon from a high vantage point. That vantage point is today known as "Leichhardt Lookout", which is on the Great North Walk.</p><br>
<p>"Youll have heard of the Valley of Palms. It happens that there are very few palms there, which makes it by so much the richer in other kinds of plants. Its a narrow, rocky gully with steep sides which widens out towards the sea. The slopes are covered with the most luxurious vegetation, trees and bushes are bound together by climbers, and the trunks of the trees are covered with parasitic plants. Floods, that have swept down with irresistible power during the heavy winter rains, have uprooted big trees, and have produced the wildest conflagration of closely entangled life and death."</p><br>
<p>In 1883 the Burwood Coal Mining Company was formed, but it was December 1884 before a shaft was started which was completed on 10 May 1885. A private railway was built from the mine across the lagoon around the cliff face and along Burwood Beach (then known as Smelters Beach). At this time it was known as the Redhead Railway because the colliery on the lagoon was called Redhead Colliery on Glenrock Lagoon.</p><br>
<p>Flaggy Creek had been surveyed by 1828 by Henry Dangar, a land owner from Newcastle, but was unnamed. A map of this survey shows the main road south through the area which was later called Charlestown, the Burwood Road ridge line called "Wahrah", and the unnamed Flaggy Creek. During the latter half of the 20th century, this creek was unofficially referred to by local families as Rocky Creek and provided a well watered bushland setting for the children of Kahibah to play.</p><br>
<h2>Human effects</h2><br>
<p>Besides the major road corridors, there is a major walking trail, The Great North Walk (Yuelarbah Track) and The Fernleigh Track Cycleway. The Great North Walk follows Flaggy Creek from Charlestown to the top of the lagoon. Then follows the northern shore of the lagoon to the beach before heading north to Newcastle along the Burwood beach past Murdering Gully and the ruins of the cooper smelter.</p><br>
<p>The old rail corridor to Belmont is being upgraded to a cycle way which is not due to be complete until 2015. It is planned to be completed in 3 stages: Park Ave (Adamstown) to Kahibah Station, Burwood Road (Kahibah) by 2004; Kahibah Station, Burwood Road (Kahibah) to Oakdale Road (Redhead) by 2009; and Oakdale Road (Redhead) to Belmont 2015.</p><br>
<p>Glenrock Lagoon has been for over a century a recreational area for the people of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. Glenrock State Conservation Area was declared a protected area in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Within the catchment are the following suburbs – Adamstown Heights, Merewether Heights, Highfields, Kahibah, Charlestown, Whitebridge. However, Kahibah is the only suburb that is totally within the catchment area.</p><br>
<p>Munkholmen  is an islet north of Trondheim, Norway. It sits in the Trondheimsfjord about 1.3 km northwest of the island of Brattøra and the mouth of the river Nidelva. The islet has served as a place of execution, a monastery, a fortress, prison, and a World War II anti-aircraft gun station. Today, Munkholmen is a popular tourist attraction and recreation site.</p><br>
<h2>Historic</h2><br>
<p>In the years prior to the founding of the city of Trondheim in 997 by King Olav Tryggvason, Munkholmen had been used as an execution site by the Jarls of Lade. The arrival of Olav Tryggvason to Norway in 995 coincided with a revolt against Haakon Sigurdsson, who was killed by Tormod Kark. The severed heads of both Haakon and Kark were placed on stakes on Munkholmen facing out into the fjord to serve as a warning to visitors. The tradition of displaying the severed heads of criminals and political opponents was continued for some time, but the heads were now placed so that they faced the city of Trondheim to deter its citizens from committing crimes.</p><br>
<h2>Nidarholm Abbe</h2><br>
<p>The term Munkholmen is not originally in common usage. Rather the site was known as the location of the monastery at Nidarholm. In the early 12th century, and possibly even earlier, Benedictine monks lived on the island in Nidarholm Abbey. The monastery burned three times during the Middle Ages, finally in 1531. By the time Lutheran Protestantism came to Trondheim, the buildings had fallen into decay and the former monastery came under the royal estate in Trondheim. The monastery buildings disappeared during 17th century as Munkholmen was fortified.</p><br>
<h2>Fort and prison</h2><br>
<p>Construction of a fort on the island began in 1658 following the Swedish siege of Trondheim during the Dano-Swedish War (1658–60). When it was completed in 1661, the fort was also used as a state prison for societys rejects. Count Peder Griffenfeld, Munkholmens most famous prisoner, was transferred from the fortress of Copenhagen in 1671. Griffenfeld was kept at Munkholmen for 18 years, after which he was released, having contracted a terminal illness. From 1700 to 1704 the commander of the fort was Major Curt Christoph von Koppelow. The fort remained in operation until 1893.</p><br>
<h2>German occupation</h2><br>
<p>Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Norway in 1940. After capturing Trondheim early on in the Norwegian Campaign, the Germans quickly established a submarine base, exploiting the natural protection provided by the fjord. At this time, Munkholmen was fitted with anti-aircraft weaponry. A large portion of the fort was retrofitted to hold ammunition, and the flooring planks were nailed in with wooden nails to prevent explosions caused by soldiers&#39; boots striking metal nails. The German occupying forces remained in Norway until the end of the war in Europe in May 1945. Remnants of the installation still exist in the upper levels of the fort.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism and recreation</h2><br>
<p>Today, Munkholmen is a popular summertime tourist attraction and hangout for residents of Trondheim. From May to September, boats depart from Ravnkloa on a regular basis. Once on the island, visitors can take a guided tour (in English and Norwegian) or roam freely. There&#39;s also a small cafe/restaurant available.</p><br>
<p>Kinbasket Lake  is a reservoir on the Columbia River in southeast British Columbia, north of the city of Revelstoke and the town of Golden. The reservoir was created by the construction of the Mica Dam. The lake includes two reaches, Columbia Reach  and Canoe Reach , referring to the river valleys flooded by the dam. To the north it almost reaches the town of Valemount in an impoundment of the Canoe River. To the south it reaches upstream the Columbia River towards the city of Golden.</p><br>
<p>The original, smaller Kinbasket Lake was named in 1866 after Kinbasket, a chief of the Shuswap people. The modern, large lake was created after the completion of the Mica Dam in 1973, and was called McNaughton Lake (after Andrew McNaughton) until 1980.</p><br>
<p>A number of small communities were inundated by the creation of Kinbasket Lake, and comprised a region known as the Big Bend Country, a subregion of the Columbia Country. Among these towns were Mica, Big Bend, Downie, Boat Encampment, La Porte and Beavermouth.</p><br>
<p>Kilmashogue or Kilmashoge is a mountain in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown county in Ireland. It is 408 m high A number of prehistoric monuments can be found on the slopes of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Placenames Branch of the Department of Community, Equality and Gaeltacht Affairs gives the origin of the name Kilmashogue as meaning “Church of Saint Mochióg”. Subsequent attempts to locate this site have been unsuccessful. However, Coillte, the state-owned enterprise that manages the forestry on the mountain&#39;s slopes, suggest that the name Kilmashogue is a corruption of coill na fumsaoige, which means “wood of the ash”, or coill na fuiseoige, which means “wood of the lark”.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was once believed that Kilmashogue was the site of a battle between the Irish and the Vikings, described in the Annals of the Four Masters, that took place in AD 917. Subsequent research has shown that this event took place near the River Liffey.</p><br>
<h3>Kilmashogue wedge tomb</h3><br>
<p>On the northern slopes, close to the forest recreation area car park, is the remains of a wedge tomb. It was excavated in 1953 by H. E. Kilbride-Jones, aided by Rúaidhrí de Valera and Seán Ó Nualláin, of the Royal Irish Academy. The tomb consists of two chambers which were originally covered by a cairn of stones. The main chamber is 4 m long and 1.5 m wide and is formed by a triple-walled gallery. At some point during the Bronze Age, parts of the chamber were dismantled and used for the construction of three stone-lined cists which were inserted into the cairn material. One cist has had its capstone moved aside so that its chamber is visible. Two middle Bronze Age food vessels and a late Bronze Age cinerary urn were found in the cists during the excavation.</p><br>
<h3>Calbeck's Castle</h3><br>
<p>Between Kilmashogue and Tibradden Mountains lies Kellys Glen. A spa was discovered here around 1748 but its distance from the city and the difficulty in getting to it meant it never became popular. On the south-eastern slopes of Kilmashogue, in the saddle between Two Rock Mountain, is a ruin known as Calbecks Castle. Despite its name, it is a small dwelling house built to accommodate visitors to the spa. Built around 1800, it had fallen into ruin as early as 1821. The lands around this area were owned by a Councillor Charles Calbeck, a landowner who made considerable investments in his lands, planting trees, building roads and bridges and improving drainage. The two bridges built by Calbeck have inscriptions dedicated to his sister Sophannie.</p><br>
<h3>Larch Hill</h3><br>
<p>Also in Kelly&#39;s Glen is the estate of Larch Hill. This was built at the end of the eighteenth century by Councillor Calbeck. It is reputed to be the first place in Ireland that the British larch tree was planted. Only one portal stone, 3.5 m tall, remains standing. Around the monument, almost completely buried, is a series of large boulders that probably formed a ring of standing stones.</p><br>
<h3>Standing stones</h3><br>
<p>On the northwestern slopes, in a field near the village of Rockbrook, are two standing stones, square in section and approximately 1.8 m tall. Another standing stone, 1.4 m tall, lies nearby.</p><br>
<h3>The Brehon's Chair</h3><br>
<p>Further down the northern slopes, lying in a housing estate near Marlay Park, is another portal tomb, known as the “Brehons Chair”. All that remains are three large stones, originally the door stone and portal stones of the monument, one of which is 3 m tall. The name Brehons Chair was given to the monument in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century when all such monuments were being ascribed to the Druids. Excavations carried out in the area during the construction of the M50 motorway revealed cooking areas and hut sites as well as a food vessel inserted as a secondary burial. Located nearby was a similar monument which was destroyed in 1876.</p><br>
<h3>St Columba's College</h3><br>
<p>On Kilmashogue Lane is St Columba&#39;s College, a Protestant boarding school. It was originally known as Hollypark and was built near the end of the eighteenth century by Gerald Foot, a wealthy snuff merchant. The school, which was founded in 1843 at Stackallen House, County Meath, moved there in 1849. In the chapel is an early Christian cross found on the mountain near the college. In his A History of the County of Dublin (1905), Francis Erlington Ball states that the barrier of The Pale ran along the northern slopes of Kilmashogue near the college and that the remains of a castle, held by the Harold clan who owned the lands for many years, could be found nearby. Opposite the college is the ruins of a woollen mill which was operated by Thomas Thorncliff until 1880.</p><br>
<h2>Access and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The summit is on privately owned land. There is a Coillte-owned forest recreation area on the northern slopes, along Kilmashogue Lane, which is managed by the Dublin Mountains Partnership. The Wicklow Way passes through this recreation area. It is also possible to access Three Rock and Tibradden Mountains from the recreation area. The wedge tomb can be reached via a trail leading uphill from the recreation area car park. The portal tomb at Larch Hill and the Brehon&#39;s Chair are on privately owned land.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Lake Kulundinskoye   is located on the southern edge of the much larger West Siberian Plain of south-central Russia. This lake, along with many other lakes in the region, exhibits a wide array of colors. The variations in color suggest that each lake is at a different stage of eutrophication. The lake immediately south of Lake Kulundinskoye is mauve-colored, contrasting with the oval, dark blue lake along the northwest edge of the photograph. Two deltas can be observed along the eastern side of Lake Kulundinskoye. The white areas are probably salty minerals that were deposited on the surface as water evaporated. A well-established shelter belt system  runs generally north-south along the eastern side of Lake Kulundinskoye to form a manmade barrier to help protect against wind erosion. The cultivated field patterns are large and basically rectangular in shape.</p><br>
<p>Ruissalo  is an island in the Archipelago Sea and a district of the city of Turku, Finland. The island is located to the south-west of the city, between Hirvensalo and Pansio in the mainland. It is rather sparsely populated, having a population of only 126 , with an annual growth rate of 3.97%. The villas on the island are considered as culturally and historically valuable in Finland. Some are used as guesthouses, some are owned and governed by the foundations, labor unions, sports teams, and private enterprises on the area, some can be rented freely for some days for private party such as weddings, some have cafeterias in them. Private ownership exists, a couple villas even have renters with very selective occupancy. Some villas have deteriorated for the high maintenance costs due the historical building methods that must be used here.</p><br>
<p>One of the largest old oak forests in Finland is situated in the island and many parts of it are included in nature conservation programs.</p><br>
<p>In the westernmost part of the island there is a spa and a camping area. Turku golf course is situated also here. The Botanical garden of University of Turku is situated in the middle of the island. Near the southern tip of the western part of the island is a small, unofficial nude beach. Official nude beaches in Finland can only be found in Helsinki and in Pori.</p><br>
<p>15.08% of the district&#39;s population are under 15 years old, while 13.49% are over 65. The district&#39;s linguistic makeup is 88.89% Finnish, 8.73% Swedish, and 2.38% other.</p><br>
<p>The island is probably most famous as the venue of the annual rock festival Ruisrock. The Paavo Nurmi Marathon route goes through Ruissalo.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mackay  is the largest of hundreds of ephemeral salt lakes scattered throughout Western Australia and the Northern Territory. The satellite image documents the appearance of the dry parts of Western Australia’s Great Sandy Desert, Gibson Desert, and Tanami Desert.</p><br>
<p>The lake is the largest in Western Australia and has a surface area of 3,494 km&sup2;. Its elevation ranges between 355 m and 370 m above mean sea-level.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Named after its European discoverer, Donald George Mackay, Lake Mackay is the fourth largest lake in Australia. Explorer David Carnegie in 1897 predicted its existence when he passed by the lake to the west as quoted in his book Spinifex and Sand. "May 9th we left the well on a Southerly course, and were soon amongst the ridges, which continued for the next two days. The night of the 11th, having skirted a line of rough cliffs, we camped about three miles North of a very prominent single hill, which I named Mount Webb, after W. F. Webb, Esq., of Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire. As the sun rose that morning the mirage of a lake of apparently great size was visible for 90° of the horizon — that is, from East round to South. Neither from the cliffs that we skirted, nor from Mount Webb, was any lake visible, but it is more than probable that a large salt lake exists in this locality, possibly connecting, in a broken line, Lake White and Lake Macdonald."</p><br>
<p>It measures approximately 100 km east-west and north-south. The darker areas of the lakebed are indicative of some form of desert vegetation or algae, some moisture within the soils of the dry lake, and the lowest elevations where pooling of water occurs. In this arid environment, salts and other minerals are carried to the surface through capillary action caused by evaporation, thereby producing the white reflective surface. Visible are various brown hills scattered across the eastern half of the lake and east-west-oriented sand ridges south of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mackay features prominently in the Aboriginal Dreaming narratives of the Western Desert. The main mythological accounts of its origins can be clustered into three distinct themes, all of which contain references to a fierce bushfire that devastated the land and formed the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake, known as Wilkinkarra to the local Indigenous population, was the birthplace of prominent Indigenous artist Linda Syddick Napaltjarri, and the area in which artist Ronnie Tjampitjinpa grew up.</p><br>
<p>Mackay Lacus one of the Titanian lakes,on Saturns moon Titan is named after Lake Mackay.</p><br>
<p>Lake MacKay Australia.jpg2017 satellite photograph taken by Copernicus Sentinel-2B</p><br>
